Production of galacto-oligosaccharides by commercial preparates of fungal β-galactosidase

Abstract

Three different fungal b-galactosidases, from three commercial sources, were studied for their capacity to produce galacto-oligosaccharides by trans-galactosylation from lactose. The enzymes were investigated in a soluble form for the GOS production at two concentrations of lactose (10 % and 30 % w/w). The maximum of GOS concentration (70.9 g·L -1 ) was obtained at 30 % of the initial lactose (pH 4.5, temperature 30 °C) in the second hour of enzyme reaction. The GOS yield (24 % w/w) was not significantly affected by the process of immobilisation in comparison with the free enzyme preparation (22 % w/w), but time to obtain a maximal GOS concentration was prolonged. Galacto-oligosaccharides were effectively produced by immobilised b-galactosidase in the 15 repeated batch runs of 30 % (w/w) of lactose as the substrate.

β-Galactosidase-Producing Isolates in Mucoromycota: Screening, Enzyme Production, and Applications for Functional Oligosaccharide Synthesis

“…In addition, many microorganisms, especially filamentous fungi, can grow well on low-cost media such as agro-industrial byproducts and utilize them to produce β-galactosidases in high amounts. The production and characterization of β-galactosidases have been extensively studied in fungi [ 2 , 9 ], and even the GOS synthesis has been evaluated in detail for many enzymes [ 6 , 10 , 11 , 12 ]. Mucoromycota fungi (i.e., members of the former Zygomycota), however, have been given less attention in this regard, although these microorganisms are good sources of many industrial enzymes, such as lipases, hydroxylases, phytases and a set of various carbohydrate cleaving biocatalysts [ 13 ].…”

Valorisation of whey for lactose recycling products production = Sūkalu valorizācija laktozes pārstrādes produktu ieguvei

“…➢ Enzyme concentration β-Galactosidase catalyzes hydrolysis and transglycolysis reactions by changing the equilibrium of the reaction, depending on the type and concentration of the enzyme, substrate concentration, and reaction conditions (Tokošová et al, 2015). The concentration of βgalactosidase significantly affects the amount of glucose and galactose, as well as the intensity of the GOS production and the amount of lactulose with fructose in the substrate (Carrazco-Escalante et al, 2019; Van De Voorde et al, 2014).…”

“…3.20, each enzyme has a specific transgalactolytic activity. The GOSs are the short-chain carbohydrates that are composed of 2-20 molecules of galactose and one molecule of glucose (Tokošová et al, 2015). All β-galactosidases produce mainly disaccharides (GOS2) (which could be galactobiose, allolactose) and trisaccharide (GOS3) (which could be 6′ galactosyl lactose).…”