Production of Fungal β-amylase and Amyloglucosidase on Some Nigerian Agricultural Residues

Abstract

Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus niger, Helminthosporium oxysporium, and Penicillium frequestans isolated from common Nigerian agricultural residues like cassava, yam, banana, and plantain peels and brewery spent grains (BSG) were screened for their ability to produce β-amylase and amyloglucosidase using submerged and solid-state cultivation regimens. Enzyme activity (EU) was determined by estimating the amount of reducing sugars produced as a result of the action of crude enzyme solutions on buffered starch solution. Results showed that A. niger liberated the highest level of β-amylase (33.2 EU) on plantain peels medium using the static cultivation method, while it produced the highest amount of amyloglucosidase (29.8 EU) on yam peels substrate with solid-state cultivation regimen. Plantain peels favored β-amylase production more than the other tested wastes supporting production of 33.2 and 9.8 EU of the enzyme in A. niger under solid-state and static cultivation methods, respectively. Yam peels favored liberation of 15.3 EU amyloglucosidase in each of the solid-state and the static cultivation regimens. Production of β-amylase on BSG, yam, banana, and plantain peels was not significantly facilitated by static cultivation method (p>0.05), while solid-state cultivation regimen favored amyloglucosidase production on cassava peels and BSG (p<0.05). Optimal production yield of β-amylase and amyloglucosidase were 16.6 and 14.9 EU g −1 on plantain and yam waste media by the mold.

Characterization and determination of brewer's solid wastes composition

“…Adeniram et al . determined the ash content to be 7.9%. In other bibliographic reviews, values between 2.3 and 7.9% ash were found, and between 75 and 85% of moisture in the composition of spent malt from the brewing process .…”

“…Celus et al (14) found a 3.3% ash content for the bagasse obtained after the mashing of barley malt. Adeniram et al (15) determined the ash content to be 7.9%. In other bibliographic reviews, values between 2.3 and 7.9% ash were found, and between 75 and 85% of moisture in the composition of spent malt from the brewing process (16,17).…”

Valorization of banana peel: a biorefinery approach

“…α-Amylase is produced using BP as a substrate by solid-state fermentation (SSF) with bacteria such as Bacillus subtilis (Kokab et al 2003, Unakal et al 2012) and A. niger (Kirankumar et al 2011). Adeniran et al (2010) isolated various fungal species, including Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus fumigatus, A. niger, Helminthosporium oxysporum, and P. frequentans, from BP and their feasibility for the production of β-amylase and amyloglucosidase in SS and SSF was examined (Adeniran et al 2010). Cellulase, which has wide-scale applications in textile, paper and pulp, and food industries, can be produced by SSF using BP as a substrate with fungal species such as Trichoderma longi, A. niger, S. cerevisiae (Omojasola and Jilani 2009), and Trichoderma viride GIM 3.0010 (Sun et al 2011).…”

Assessment of Physico-chemical Characteristics, Viability and Inhibitory Effect of Bifidobacteria in Soymilk

“…Total reducing sugar was determined by the use of Dinitrosalicylic reagent (Miller, 1959& Adeniran et al, 2008. The soymilk samples were diluted to 4 times its volume with distilled water and filtered through a paper filter placed in a funnel.…”