Production of functional graphene by kitchen mixer: mechanism and metric development for in situ measurement of sheet size

Ismail, Zulhelmi; Abdullah, Abu Hannifa; Abidin, Anis Sakinah Zainal; Yusoh, Kamal

doi:10.1007/s40097-017-0233-6

Cited by 16 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…However, for the production of large quantities, a cost-effective and environmentally friendly system is very important. Considering this fact, liquid-phase exfoliation has attracted the attention of many scientists, as it is easy to produce using the available resources; it can be produced using a kitchen blender or ultra-sonication energy [8,9]. Nevertheless, exploration of a suitable liquid phase exfoliation system remains a challenge.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bio-Surfactant Assisted Aqueous Exfoliation of High-Quality Few-Layered Graphene

et al. 2021

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Realizing the efficacy of the liquid-phase exfoliation technique to obtain a greater quantity of graphene, this study demonstrates a cost-effective technique of bio-surfactant-assisted liquid-phase exfoliation of few-layer graphene (FLG) with a low defect ratio. An ultrasonic bath without any toxic chemicals or chemical modification was employed to exfoliate the graphene at room temperature. Several state-of-the-art characterization techniques such as TEM, AFM, XRD UV-Vis, and Raman spectroscopy were used to confirm the presence of the graphene. The dispersion exhibits a typical Tyndall scattering to the red laser beam. After a 7-h sonication of the dispersion, followed by a centrifugation frequency of 500 rpm for half an hour, the graphene concentration was found to be 1.2 mg/mL. The concentration decreases monotonically with an increase in the frequency, as a higher frequency causes sedimentation of the larger flakes or removes the adsorbed surfactant molecules from the graphene structures that collapse the graphene sheets into the graphite. The presence of an amino acid head-group in the surfactant facilitated exfoliation in an aqueous solution at well below the critical micelle concentration (CMC) of the surfactant. The product demonstrates all characteristic features of an FLG system. The TEM and AFM image reveals large-area graphene with a wrinkle-free surface; these morphological properties are confirmed by XRD and Raman spectroscopy. This study suggests that a sonication-induced process with a biocompatible surfactant can produce a cheap, large-surface-area graphene system for a wide range of applications. Moreover, the use of a probe sonicator as an alternative to the bath-type sonicator, together with the demonstrated technique, may reduce the time needed, and leads to a manifold increase in the yield.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bio-Surfactant Assisted Aqueous Exfoliation of High-Quality Few-Layered Graphene

et al. 2021

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“…[52,[57][58][59] It has been found that non-aggregated aqueous graphene dispersion with high stability can be obtained using a mechanical method in which the graphite is stirred in the presence of water-soluble bovine serum albumin (BSA). [52,[60][61][62] This method is a suitable alternative for thermal or chemical reduction of graphene oxide and does not require extensive use of cytotoxic chemicals to maintain the aqueous graphene dispersions. [52] Alginate hydrogels have been used to encapsulate astrocytes and alginate/graphene hydrogels have been used to encapsulate dopaminergic neuronal cells; however, to our knowledge, these are the first experiments done that involve encapsulating astrocytes in alginate/graphene microfibers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrodynamic Assembly of Astrocyte Cells in Conductive Hollow Microfibers

Ouedraogo,

Trznadel,

Kling

et al. 2023

Advanced Biology

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The manufacturing of 3D cell scaffoldings provides advantages for modeling diseases and injuries as it enables the creation of physiologically relevant platforms. A triple‐flow microfluidic device is developed to rapidly fabricate alginate/graphene hollow microfibers based on the gelation of alginate induced with CaCl2. This five‐channel microdevice actualizes continuous mild fabrication of hollow fibers under an optimized flow rate ratio of 300:200:100 µL min−1. The polymer solution is 2.5% alginate in 0.1% graphene and a 30% polyethylene glycol solution is used as the sheath and core solutions. The biocompatibility of these conductive microfibers by encapsulating mouse astrocyte cells (C8D1A) within the scaffolds is investigated. The cells can successfully survive both the manufacturing process and prolonged encapsulation for up to 8 days, where there is between 18–53% of live cells on both the alginate microfibers and alginate/graphene microfibers. These unique 3D hollow scaffolds can significantly enhance the available surface area for nutrient transport to the cells. In addition, these conductive hollow scaffolds illustrate unique advantages such as 0.728 cm3 gr−1 porosity and two times more electrical conductivity in comparison to alginate scaffolds. The results confirm the potential of these scaffolds as a microenvironment that supports cell growth.

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“…However, such promising nanostructure requires additional mechanical and electronic equipment or some typically toxic surfactants to dominate the interfacial interactions between its carbonic layers for employment in cell-encapsulated hydrogels 56,[58][59][60] . A mechanical method based on stirring of graphite in the presence of watersoluble bovine serum albumin (BSA) had been recently reported to produce non-aggregated aqueous graphene solution with high stability 56,[61][62][63] . BSA with positive and negative charged spots could successfully lead to the fabrication of aqueous graphene dispersion and be considered an alternative competent for thermal or chemical reduction of graphene oxide that requires extensive use of cytotoxic chemicals to maintain the aqueous graphene dispersions 56 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fabrication of Conductive Hollow Microfibers for Encapsulation of Astrocyte Cells

Alimoradi

Nasirian

Aykar

et al. 2022

Preprint

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The manufacturing of 3D cell scaffoldings provides advantages for modeling diseases and injuries by physiologically relevant platforms. A triple-flow microfluidic device was developed to rapidly fabricate alginate/graphene hollowalginate/graphene hollow microfibers based on the gelation of alginate induced with CaCl2. This five-channel pattern actualized continuous mild fabrication of hollow fibers under an optimized flowing rate ratio of 300: 200: 100 μL.min-1. The polymer solution was 2.5% alginate in 0.1% graphene, and a 30% polyethylene glycol solution was used as the sheath and core solutions. The morphology and physical properties of microstructures were investigated by scanning electron microscopy, electrochemical, and surface area analyzers. Subsequently, these conductive microfibers biocompatibility was studied by encapsulating mouse astrocyte cells within these scaffolds. The cells could successfully survive both the manufacturing process and prolonged encapsulation for up to 8 days. These unique 3D hollow scaffolds could significantly enhance the available surface area for nutrient transport to the cells. In addition, these conductive hollow scaffolds illustrated unique advantages such as 0.728 cm3.gr-1 porosity and twice more electrical conductivity in comparison to alginate scaffolds. The results confirm the potential of these scaffolds as a microenvironment that supports cell growth.

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Production of functional graphene by kitchen mixer: mechanism and metric development for in situ measurement of sheet size

Cited by 16 publications

References 40 publications

Bio-Surfactant Assisted Aqueous Exfoliation of High-Quality Few-Layered Graphene

Bio-Surfactant Assisted Aqueous Exfoliation of High-Quality Few-Layered Graphene

Hydrodynamic Assembly of Astrocyte Cells in Conductive Hollow Microfibers

Fabrication of Conductive Hollow Microfibers for Encapsulation of Astrocyte Cells

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