Production of Food-Derived Bioactive Peptides with Potential Application in the Management of Diabetes and Obesity: A Review

Abstract

The prevalence of diabetes mellitus and obesity is increasing worldwide. Bioactive peptides are naturally present in foods or in food-derived proteins. Recent research has shown that these bioactive peptides have an array of possible health benefits in the management of diabetes and obesity. First, this review will summarize the top-down and bottom-up production methods of the bioactive peptides from different protein sources. Second, the digestibility, bioavailability, and metabolic fate of the bioactive peptides are discussed. Last, the present review will discuss and explore the mechanisms by which these bioactive peptides help against obesity and diabetes based on in vitro and in vivo studies. Although several clinical studies have demonstrated that bioactive peptides are beneficial in alleviating diabetes and obesity, more double-blind randomized controlled trials are needed in the future. This review has provided novel insights into the potential of food-derived bioactive peptides as functional foods or nutraceuticals to manage obesity and diabetes.

The effect of source of protein fed during pregnancy and lactation on the development of characteristics of metabolic syndrome in male offspring of obese Wistar rats

“…Moreover, tripeptides valine-proline-proline (VPP) and isoleucine-proline-proline (IPP), which are abundant in milk and dairy products, showed an insulin-sensitizing effect through enhancing Akt and ERK1/2 phosphorylation. (47) However, as described earlier, the proline content of casein is twofold higher compared with soya protein, and it may have a direct effect on glucose metabolism and also an indirect effect via increasing the rate of absorption of BAPs rich in proline (e.g. VPP and IPP) encrypted in casein by increasing their resistance against digestion.…”

“…Several BAPs extracted from soya glycinin showed favourable effects on glucose metabolism by increasing glucose uptake through activation of GLUT1 and GLUT4 by stimulation of AKT and AMPK pathways. (47) Similarly, several BAPs from casein glycomacropeptide (GMP) enhanced glycogen synthesis via IRS-1/PI3K/Akt and AMPK signalling pathways. Moreover, tripeptides valine-proline-proline (VPP) and isoleucine-proline-proline (IPP), which are abundant in milk and dairy products, showed an insulin-sensitizing effect through enhancing Akt and ERK1/2 phosphorylation.…”

In Silico and In Vitro Evaluation of Antiobesogenic and Osteoprotective Effect of Pomegranate Juice Fermented by Tannin Acyl Hydrolase and Lactobacillus vespulae DCY75 via the Wnt/β-Catenin Pathway

“…Adipocyte development is a complex process involving the interplay of numerous hormones and transcription factors. The key adipogenesis factors, namely, PPARγ and C/EBPα are responsible for adipocyte differentiation and TG synthesis . Preliminary experimental data have revealed that PG-F exerts an inhibitory effect on adipocyte differentiation in 3T3-L1 cells.…”

“…The key adipogenesis factors, namely, PPARγ and C/EBPα are responsible for adipocyte differentiation and TG synthesis. 45 Preliminary experimental data have revealed that PG-F exerts an inhibitory effect on adipocyte differentiation in 3T3-L1 cells. Particularly, a concentration of 50 μg/mL of PG-F has demonstrated significant efficacy in reducing the accumulation of intracellular lipids as well as the expression of key adipogenic markers.…”