Production of Food Crops and Other Biomass by Seawater Culture

Epstein, Emanuel; Kingsbury, Ralph W.; Norlyn, J. D.; Rush, Dale W.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4613-3021-9_5

Cited by 18 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…This may be achieved by exploiting intraspecific variability (Dewy 1962;Greenway 1962;Epstein et al 1979) or, in species lacking such variability, genes may be transferred from closely related wild species adapted to high salinity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Salt Tolerance in the Wild Relatives of the Cultivated Tomato: Responses of Lycopersicon esculentum, L. cheesmanii, L. peruvianum, Solanum pennellii and F1 Hybrids to High Salinity

Tal¹,

Mc²

1983

Functional Plant Biol.

108

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The performance of three wild relatives of the cultivated tomato (Lycopersicon cheesmanii, L. peruvianum and Solanum pennellii) and two tomato cultivars in control and saline media was compared. The parameters studied were elongation rate of the main stem, succulence, and accumulation of Na+, K+, and C 1 in the roots, stem, leaf, and shoot tip. The same parameters but in the leaf only were also studied comparatively in two of the wild species L. cheesmanii and S. pennellii, the same two cultivars, and F, hybrids.Under control conditions, the elongation rate of the stem of the two cultivars was higher than that of the wild plants, but under salinity it was relatively lower. Among all species, S. pennellii was the most succulent in all its major parts under both control and saline conditions. The wild species, especially S. pennellii, showed high accumulation of Na+ in the leaf and top and a greater decrease in K+ content under salinity as compared with the cultivated plants. In all three species, Na+ probably substitutes for potassium in, at least, some of its physiological functions.Complete dominance of S. pennellii over the cultivated plants is indicated for the relative decrease of elongation rate and K+ level and for the increase of succulence under salinity. In contrast, L. cheesmanii seems to be completely dominant only for the relative decrease of K+ under salinity.0310-7841/83/010109$02.00 Volume 9, Number 4Comparison between osmotic and hydrostatic water flows in a higher plant cell: determination of hydraulic conductivities and reflection coefficients in isolated epidermis of Tradescantia virginiana.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Salt Tolerance in the Wild Relatives of the Cultivated Tomato: Responses of Lycopersicon esculentum, L. cheesmanii, L. peruvianum, Solanum pennellii and F1 Hybrids to High Salinity

Tal¹,

Mc²

1983

Functional Plant Biol.

108

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“…Epstein et al (12) identified a few salt-tolerant cultivars by screening >7000 entries. Two contrasting genotypes, CM72, a salt-tolerant cultivar derived from the original California Mariout, and Prato, a salt-sensitive cultivar, were chosen in this study to define the molecular differences between them.…”

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confidence: 99%

Differential mRNA transcription during salinity stress in barley

Ramagopal

1987

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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The molecular and genetic bases of salinity tolerance in plants are not understood. Gene expression at the mRNA level was investigated in a salt-tolerant and a saltsensitive genotype of barley. Seedlings were exposed to NaCl stress and translatable mRNAs were isolated from root and shoot tissues. A reticulocyte cell-free system was programed with barley mRNAs and the in vitro products were resolved on two-dimensional polyacrylamide gels following isoelectric focusing or nonequilibrium pH gradient gel electrophoresis in the first dimension. The functional mRNAs in unstressed seedlings were qualitatively almost indistinguishable in the two genotypes. However, salinity stress triggered differential transcription of specific mRNAs depending upon genotype and tissue. In roots, 12 new mRNAs were induced that encoded proteins of 21-34 kDa, with a pI range of 6.1-7.7. In shoots, the 9 new mRNAs coded for proteins of 18-50.5 kDa, with a pI range of 5.4-7.8. These new stress mRNAs represented one of two main classes. Class I consisted of mRNAs shared by both genotypes. Class II represented mRNAs specific to each genotype; unique mRNAs of roots accumulated preferentially in the salt-tolerant genotype, whereas those of shoots accumulated in the saltsensitive genotype. The findings suggest that transcriptional as well as posttranscriptional mechanisms regulate gene expression in barley during salinity stress.Presently, the molecular basis of plant resistance to environmental stress is not understood. Altered gene expression due to heat, cold, and anaerobic stresses has been demonstrated in many higher plants (1-3). Salinity is an important limitation to crop production in many agricultural areas (4) but investigations on its molecular effects are scant (5-7). Variation in salinity tolerance has been observed in many plants (8)(9)(10)(11)), yet the underlying molecular and genetic factors have not been identified.Cultivated barley is one of the best known salt-tolerant crops. Epstein et al. (12) identified a few salt-tolerant cultivars by screening >7000 entries. Two contrasting genotypes, CM72, a salt-tolerant cultivar derived from the original California Mariout, and Prato, a salt-sensitive cultivar, were chosen in this study to define the molecular differences between them. The constitutive and salinity-induced differences of these the two genotypes are of interest. Recently, a comparison of gene expression in these two genotypes at the translational level revealed that salinity altered the newly synthesized protein patterns in a tissue-specific manner (13).Here, the responses of the two barley genotypes at the transcriptional level are presented. Functional mRNAs were isolated from seedlings before and after exposure to salinity stress and their translational products were compared. I demonstrate that salinity stress induces unique genotypespecific transcriptional changes in mRNAs of root and shoot tissues. To my knowledge, a genotype-specific regulation of gene expression by environmental stress has not been show...

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“…tant to drought and salinity. These environmental con-In the last years dramatic progress has been made in the breeditig of salt tolerant crops, particularly the cereal grains (Epstein et al 1979). The study of salt tolerant legumes involves an additional challenge compared to salt tolerance iti cereals such as barley and wheat.…”

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confidence: 99%

The effect of NaCl salinity and water stress with polyethylene glycol on nitrogen fixation, stomatal response and transpiration of Medicago sativa, Trifolium repens and Trifolium brachycalycinum (subclover)

Sánchez‐Díaz

Tejo

González‐Murua

et al. 1982

Physiologia Plantarum

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1982. The effect of NaCl salinity and water stress with polyethylene glycol on nitrogen fixation, stomatal response and transpiration of Medicago sativa, Trifolium repens and Trifolium brachycalycinum (subclover). -Physio). Plant. 54: 361-366.The objective of this study was to investigate the behaviour of different leg,umes against salinity and water stress, thus trying to discover simultaneous adaptations to both stresses. The nitrogen fixation, transpiration, predawn leaf water potential, and stomatal response of Medicago .sativa L. (cvs. Tierra de Campos and Aragon), Trifolium repens L. (cv. Aberystw^th S-184) and T. brachycalycinum Katzn. et Morley (= T. subterraneum L. cv. Clare) were compared at three levels of stress (0.05,, 0.3 and 0.5 MPa of either Nad or polyethylene glycol 6000) in nutrient solution. The plants were stressed for three days and then returned to control nutrient solution.The changes in the parameters analyzed were dependent on the proportion of stress treatments and the nature of the species, always being greater in plants from PEG than from NaCl solutions. Transfer of lucerne and subclover plants from NaCl at 0.05 MPa to a non-saline medium resulted in an increase of nitrogen fixation above the level of the non-salinized control plants, especially significant in lucerne. Analysis of possible inorganic impurities in comnnercial PEG suggest that such type of impurities are not responsible for the toxic effects reported. Plant damage resulting from PEG treatment was apparently due to penetrations of PEG (as determined qualitatively by using the letraiodinebismuthic acid technique) or low-molecular organic impurities into the plant. -The results are discussed as part of the adaptation of the different species to salinity aijd water stress. The best performance was given by "Tierra de Campos". ,straints are not only common in arid and semiarid rer lie ion gions but also in mild, hutnid climates where drought Nitrogen fixatioti efficiency is greatly altered by en-(which occurs at random throughout the growing seavironmental impact on both host atid bacterium, but son. Decker -in press) and salinity (increasingly imlittle is curretitly knowti about combinations of legumes portant by agricultural practice) cause substantial reand Rhizobium nitrogen-fixing bacteria that are resis-duction in growth atid yield. tant to drought and salinity. These environmental con-In the last years dramatic progress has been made in

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Production of Food Crops and Other Biomass by Seawater Culture

Cited by 18 publications

References 17 publications

Salt Tolerance in the Wild Relatives of the Cultivated Tomato: Responses of Lycopersicon esculentum, L. cheesmanii, L. peruvianum, Solanum pennellii and F1 Hybrids to High Salinity

Salt Tolerance in the Wild Relatives of the Cultivated Tomato: Responses of Lycopersicon esculentum, L. cheesmanii, L. peruvianum, Solanum pennellii and F1 Hybrids to High Salinity

Differential mRNA transcription during salinity stress in barley

The effect of NaCl salinity and water stress with polyethylene glycol on nitrogen fixation, stomatal response and transpiration of Medicago sativa, Trifolium repens and Trifolium brachycalycinum (subclover)

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