Production of fish protein hydrolysates step by step: technological aspects, equipment used, major energy costs and methods of their minimizing

Abstract

Nowadays, there is a growing interest on how to utilize fish materials remaining from the main production and considered as unappropriated for a direct human consumption. There are numbers of possible solutions to recover valuable nutrients from that matter and one of the most efficient is the production of fish protein hydrolysate. This article is devoted to overview existing information about the production of dried fish protein hydrolysates with a focus on dehydration process during production and equipment used for moisture removal. Drying step of the production is considered as the most energy demanding and, therefore, described in detail. Questions considering energy demands of the drying are highlighted in the article together with the proposals for the improvement of energy efficiency. This work also describes source of the raw material, the main steps of the technological scheme with the equipment used and valuable information on the intermediate state of fish protein hydrolysate between the process operations. Keywords Drying Á Fish protein hydrolysate Á Fish by-products Á Industrial drying systems Abbreviations P Pressure (Pa) pH Logarithmic measure of hydrogen ion concentration (dimensionless) T Temperature (°C)

Protein Recovery from Underutilised Marine Bioresources for Product Development with Nutraceutical and Pharmaceutical Bioactivities

“…Chemical hydrolysis cleaves protein peptide bonds and either acids or alkalis can be used. Acidic hydrolysis is more commonly used for fish protein recovery [350]. In acid hydrolysis, SPBs proteins are typically reacted with hydrochloric or sulfuric acid at high temperature and high pressure (128-131 • C, 220-310 MPa) [351].…”

Fish By-Product Use as Biostimulants: An Overview of the Current State of the Art, Including Relevant Legislation and Regulations within the EU and USA

“…Fish protein hydrolysate for use as plant biostimulants or for other uses is produced either as the liquid form which contains up to 90% moisture or as a dry form. The dry form is usually preferred due to its stability during long-term storage and easier transport, however, removing large amounts of water during the production of dried fish protein hydrolysates can be difficult and very costly [108]. The manufacture of fish protein hydrolysates often begins with the collection of raw materials, mainly fish or fish processing left-over products.…”

“…The type of drying depends on the availability of equipment and energy savings. Usually, spray-and freeze-drying techniques are used, although in some cases roller drum drying can be a method of choice for drying [108]. Fish protein hydrolysates are usually packaged and stored in a dry place at 4 • C before distribution.…”

The Potential Role of Fish-Derived Protein Hydrolysates on Metabolic Health, Skeletal Muscle Mass and Function in Ageing

“…Protein hydrolysates providing mainly di-and tripeptides, the major protein fragments in fish protein hydrolysates (FPH), are absorbed more readily than free amino acids (AAs), and much more rapidly than intact protein [11,12]. The various FPH are breakdown products from the enzymatic conversion of fish proteins into smaller peptides, and normally contain 2-20 AAs [3].…”

“…The various FPH are breakdown products from the enzymatic conversion of fish proteins into smaller peptides, and normally contain 2-20 AAs [3]. In recent years, FPH have attracted considerable attention from food biotechnologists, given the abundance of raw material for the process, its high protein content, and desirable AA profile [3,12]. Importantly, this material is host to a plethora of bioactive peptides that may have practical applications in functional foods [3,5,8,10,[13][14][15].…”