Production of Fischer–Tropsch liquid fuels from high temperature solid oxide co-electrolysis units

Becker, William L.; Braun, Robert J.; Penev, Michael; Melaina, Marc

doi:10.1016/j.energy.2012.08.047

Cited by 219 publications

(117 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Jensen et al proposed to use SOEC to produce Fischer-Tropsch fuels either using atmospheric or pressurized cells [18,19]. Similar results were published by Becker et al [20], and by Kazempoor and Braun [21], whereas Cinti et al [22] applied co-electrolysis to investigate the eventual convenience of distributed CO and hydrogen production and centralized F-T fuel synthesis. Co-electrolysis has also been studied for the production of chemicals by producing optimal syngas mixtures with the correct CO/H 2 ratio.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 68%

Potential of Reversible Solid Oxide Cells as Electricity Storage System

Giorgio

Desideri

2016

Energies

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Electrical energy storage (EES) systems allow shifting the time of electric power generation from that of consumption, and they are expected to play a major role in future electric grids where the share of intermittent renewable energy systems (RES), and especially solar and wind power plants, is planned to increase. No commercially available technology complies with all the required specifications for an efficient and reliable EES system. Reversible solid oxide cells (ReSOC) working in both fuel cell and electrolysis modes could be a cost effective and highly efficient EES, but are not yet ready for the market. In fact, using the system in fuel cell mode produces high temperature heat that can be recovered during electrolysis, when a heat source is necessary. Before ReSOCs can be used as EES systems, many problems have to be solved. This paper presents a new ReSOC concept, where the thermal energy produced during fuel cell mode is stored as sensible or latent heat, respectively, in a high density and high specific heat material and in a phase change material (PCM) and used during electrolysis operation. The study of two different storage concepts is performed using a lumped parameters ReSOC stack model coupled with a suitable balance of plant. The optimal roundtrip efficiency calculated for both of the configurations studied is not far from 70% and results from a trade-off between the stack roundtrip efficiency and the energy consumed by the auxiliary power systems.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 68%

Potential of Reversible Solid Oxide Cells as Electricity Storage System

Giorgio

Desideri

2016

Energies

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“…Atmospheric operating pressure is selected to gain high contents of hydrogen and carbon monoxide at the system outlet [24]. Also, a constraint is defined in the model to keep hydrogen to carbon monoxide ratio at the subsystem outlet constant at 2.1 which is the desirable value in the production of FT diesel using a cobalt catalyst [4,26,27]. The operating temperature of the SOEC unit is 800 • C. SOEC subsystem capacity depends on the amount of available electrical power.…”

Section: Solid Oxide Electrolysermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Liquid FT fuels (e.g., diesel) that are produced in this manner then can be considered as sustainable since they originate from renewable electricity and recycled carbon dioxide. They are also similar in nature to refined fossil-based transportation fuels and can thus be stored and used without any changes in the existing infrastructure [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As an example, Becker et al [4] showed the possibility of liquid hydrocarbon fuels production with high system efficiency of about 55% (HHV base) using a theoretical model, rendering the concept as promising. In another study, Stempien et al [5] investigated the performance of a simplified integration of SOEC and FT systems using a thermodynamic model.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Synthetic Diesel Production as a Form of Renewable Energy Storage

2018

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Production of synthetic hydrocarbon fuels as a means for renewable energy storage has gained attention recently. Integration of solid oxide co-electrolysis of steam and carbon dioxide with the Fischer-Tropsch process to transform renewable electricity into Fischer-Tropsch diesel is one of the promising suggested pathways. However, considering the intermittency of produced renewable electricity such integration will have a low capacity factor. Besides, locating a reliable source of carbon dioxide near the installed integrated system may prove to be difficult. A novel integration for production of Fischer-Tropsch diesel from various renewable sources is suggested in this study. The proposed integrated system includes solid oxide electrolysis, entrained gasification, Fischer-Tropsch process and an upgrading system. Gasification is assumed to have a continuous operation which increases capacity factor of the integrated system. Carbon dioxide supplied via gasification of biomass provides a reliable source for on-site co-electrolysis. Technical capabilities of the proposed integrated system examined by investigating performance in relation with electricity, and diesel demand of four different European cities. Results show that the proposed system is capable of supplying Fischer-Tropsch diesel of between 0.9-32% of the annual diesel demand for road transportation respective to the location of installation, with a high emission savings (around 100%). Cost of produced diesel is not competitive with conventional diesel for all cases, even when all the other by-products were assumed to be sold to the market.

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“…HTE systems can be used for the production of synthesis gas which can be further processed by a Fischer-Tropsch process to generate liquid fuels (Becker et al, 2012). The advantages of co-electrolysis of H 2 O and CO 2 over separate electrolysis lie in: (i) alleviating the problem of carbon deposition during dry CO 2 electrolysis, and (ii) omitting the use of an additional water-gas shift reactor, since H 2 thermochemically converts CO 2 into CO in the electrolyzer PV photovoltaics rad radiation re receiver sc short circuit tn thermoneutral TPB triple-phase boundary co-electrolysis, considering mass transport, electrochemical reaction, and the reversible water-gas shift reaction (Aicart et al, 2016(Aicart et al, , 2015Menon et al, 2015;Ni, 2012aNi, , 2012b.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Techno-economic modeling and optimization of solar-driven high-temperature electrolysis systems

Lin

Haussener

2017

Solar Energy

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a b s t r a c tWe present a techno-economic analysis of solar-driven high-temperature electrolysis systems used for the production of hydrogen and synthesis gas. We consider different strategies for the incorporation of solar energy, distinguished by the use of differing technologies to provide solar power and heat: (i) thermal approaches (system 1) using concentrated solar technologies to provide heat and to generate electricity through thermodynamic cycles, (ii) electrical approaches (system 2) using photovoltaic technologies to provide electricity and to generate heat through electrical heaters, and (iii) hybrid approaches (system 3) utilizing concentrated solar technologies and photovoltaics to provide heat and electricity, respectively. We find that system 3 generates hydrogen at a high efficiency (g STF = 9.9%, slightly lower than the best performing system 1 with 10.6%) and at a low cost (C fuel = $4.9/kg, lowest cost of all three systems) at reference conditions, providing evidence for the competitiveness of this hybrid approach for scaled solar hydrogen generation. Sensitivity analysis indicates an optimal working temperature for system 3 of 1350 K, which balances the increased thermal receiver losses with the reduced electrolysis cell potential when increasing the temperature. Lower working pressure always favors high system efficiency and low cost. The working current densities for thermoneutral voltage were determined for various temperature and pressure combinations, and trends for efficient and cost-effective thermoneutral operation were identified. The water conversion extent was optimized to avoid mass transport limitations in the electrodes while ensuring large fuel generation rates. For synthesis gas production, a H 2 /CO molar ratio of 2 can be achieved by tuning the inlet feeding molar ratio of CO 2 / H 2 O, temperature, and pressure. This study introduces a flexible simulation framework of solar-driven high-temperature electrolysis systems allowing for the assessment of competing solar integration approaches and for the guidance of the operational conditions maximizing efficiency and minimizing cost, providing pathways for scalable solar fuel processing.

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Production of Fischer–Tropsch liquid fuels from high temperature solid oxide co-electrolysis units

Cited by 219 publications

References 31 publications

Potential of Reversible Solid Oxide Cells as Electricity Storage System

Potential of Reversible Solid Oxide Cells as Electricity Storage System

Synthetic Diesel Production as a Form of Renewable Energy Storage

Techno-economic modeling and optimization of solar-driven high-temperature electrolysis systems

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