Production of fibrinogenolytic and fibrinolytic enzymes by a strain of <i>Penicillium</i> sp. isolated from contaminated soil with industrial effluent

Abstract

Cardiovascular diseases associated with thrombosis are one of the main causes of death all around the world. Urokinase, streptokinase, and tissue plasminogen activator are the major thrombolytic agents used to treat thrombosis. However, the fact that these agents have several side effects and high prices has driven the search for safer and more economically viable compounds for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of fungi isolated from industrial effluents to produce fibrino(geno)lytic enzymes. The selection of the protease-producing strains showed that only the BF20 strain was able to produce proteolytic halos in milk agar. This strain identified as belonging to the genus Penicillium was cultivated in submerged fermentation. Different media composition were tested to evaluate proteolytic activity, and the results showed that the medium containing 0.1% yeast extract and 1% skim milk, pH 5.0, present higher azocaseinolytic activity (0.24 U mL-1 min.-1). This sample also showed the ability to degrade fibrinogen and fibrin after 15 and 120 min. of incubation, respectively. These results indicate that the BF20 strain has a thrombolytic potential, effectively degrading fibrinogen and fibrin, having great application in the health area.

Fibrin and Fibrinolytic Enzyme Cascade in Thrombosis: Unravelling the Role

“…[82], Penicillium sp. [83], Rhizopus chinensis [84], Sarocladium strictum [85], or mushrooms such as Cordyceps militaris [86] and Armillaria mella [87].…”

Systematic review: How to obtain Fibrinolytic Enzymes from Fungi

“…The contents of these various drugs still have some side effects, while in terms of price, they are still quite expensive and uneconomical. This has prompted several studies to obtain safer compounds with lower prices for the treatment of diseases related to the mechanism of fibrinolysis 4 . The classifications of fibrinolytic enzymes are serine protease, metalloprotease, and serine metalloprotease.…”

Focus and Insights into the Synthetic Biology-Mediated Chassis of Economically Important Fungi for the Production of High-Value Metabolites

“…Several decades have witnessed the consumption of fungi as functional food, majorly including edible mushrooms ( Ascomycota and Basidiomycota ), regarded as edible delicacies and key nutritional sources, across the globe. Although several yeasts ( Pichia pastoris , Saccharomyces cerevisiae , and Yarrowia lipolytica ) and multiple fungal strains have been industrially employed to produce high-value metabolites, filamentous fungi demonstrate key properties, including presence in solid-state cultures, metabolite production, and polymers degradation, and thereby, prospects in commercial applications [ 8 , 9 ]. The presence of natural products in fungal species provides a defense against predators, harmful UV radiation, and competitive microbes, ensuring their survival in the ecological niche, while broad-spectrum functions prove beneficial for human health [ 10 ].…”

“…[ 28 ], cosmetics ingredients, namely, kojic acid [ 29 ], fortified nutraceuticals lipase (lipopan F, folate) from Rhizopus oryzae [ 30 ], and S. cerevisiae [ 31 ], polyunsaturated fatty acid (arachidonic acid) from Mortierella alpina [ 32 ], probiotics (whole cell) of Saccharomyces boulardii [ 33 ], and fibrino (geno) lytic enzymes from Penicillium sp. [ 8 ], including others.…”