Production of fatty acid methyl esters over a limestone-derived heterogeneous catalyst in a fixed-bed reactor

Ketcong, Anawat; Meechan, Warakorn; Naree, Thikumporn; Seneevong, Issarapap; Winitsorn, Anurak; Butnark, Suchada; Ngamcharussrivichai, Chawalit

doi:10.1016/j.jiec.2013.08.014

Cited by 30 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…In the current research, the residence time needed during transesterifcation process when assisted by plasma system was about 5 minutes. When using modified carbon as catalyst but no plasma treatment, it did not produce FAME which may be due to larger molar ratio of reactants and longer time of reaction was required [24,28].…”

Section: Effect Of Plasma Treatment On Transesterification Reaction Pmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…During the plasma process, the energetic electrons interfere the electrons pairs of covalent bonding of the reactants that would be excited or dissociated so that the activation energy required during surface reaction in the catalyst surface could be reduced [22,23,31]. Without the role of plasma, the time of reaction required to form FAME would be longer as studied by Ketchong et al [24]. They studied transesterification process to produce FAME using limestone as a catalyst in a fixed bed reactor (without plasma) with molar ratio of methanol to oil is ranged 15-30.…”

Section: Effect Of Plasma Treatment On Transesterification Reaction Pmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some researchers studied the effect of the use of the reactor type to biodiesel yield as well as the process efficiency in biodiesel production [21,[24][25][26]. Olivares-Carrillo and Quesada-Medina [27] studied transesterification process of refined soybean oil in a batch reactor using supercritical methanol.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Preliminary Testing of Hybrid Catalytic-Plasma Reactor for Biodiesel Production Using Modified-Carbon Catalyst

Buchori

Istadi

Purwanto

et al. 2016

Bull. Chem. React. Eng. Catal.

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Preliminary testing of hybrid catalytic-plasma reactor for biodiesel production through transesterification of soybean oil with methanol over modified-carbon catalyst was investigated. This research focused on synergetic roles of non-thermal plasma and catalysis in the transesterification process. The amount of modified-carbon catalyst with grain size of 1.75 mm was placed into fixed tubular reactor within discharge zone. The discharge zone of the hybrid catalytic-plasma reactor was defined in the volume area between high voltage and ground electrodes. Weight Hourly Space Velocity (WHSV) of 1.85 h -1 of reactant feed was studied at reaction temperature of 65 o C and at ambient pressure. The modified-carbon catalyst was prepared by impregnation of active carbon within H2SO4 solution followed by drying at 100 o C for overnight and calcining at 300 o C for 3 h. It was found that biodiesel yield obtained using the hybrid catalytic-plasma reactor was 92.39% and 73.91% when using active carbon and modified-carbon catalysts, respectively better than without plasma. Therefore, there were synergetic effects of non-thermal plasma and catalysis roles for driving the transesterification process. Copyright

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Section: Effect Of Plasma Treatment On Transesterification Reaction Pmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Effect Of Plasma Treatment On Transesterification Reaction Pmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Preliminary Testing of Hybrid Catalytic-Plasma Reactor for Biodiesel Production Using Modified-Carbon Catalyst

Buchori

Istadi

Purwanto

et al. 2016

Bull. Chem. React. Eng. Catal.

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“…Many researchers developed batch and continuous reactor systems over heterogeneous catalysts for the biodiesel production [21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28]. Endalew et al [21] studied solid base and acid catalysts for transesterification in a batch reactor.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Shibasaki-Kitakawa et al [33] investigated a continuous transesterification of crude triolein with ethanol in fixed bed reactor with conversion achieved 80 % at residence time of 60 min. Ketchong et al [28] studied transesterification process to produce FAME using limestone as a catalyst in a fixed bed reactor with FAME yield of 94.1 wt.% and kept constant over 1500 min of reaction time. In continuous esterification processes by Feng et al [25], conversion reached over 98 % within 500 h running time in a fixed bed.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Weight Hourly Space Velocity and Catalyst Diameter on Performance of Hybrid Catalytic-Plasma Reactor for Biodiesel Synthesis over Sulphated Zinc Oxide Acid Catalyst

Buchori

Istadi

Purwanto

2017

Bull. Chem. React. Eng. Catal.

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Biodiesel synthesis through transesterification of soybean oil with methanol on hybrid catalytic-plasma reactor over sulphated zinc oxide (SO4 2-/ZnO) active acid catalyst was investigated. This research was aimed to study effects of Weight Hourly Space Velocity (WHSV) and the catalyst diameter on performance of the hybrid catalytic-plasma reactor for biodiesel synthesis. The amount (20.2 g) of active sulphated zinc oxide solid acid catalysts was loaded into discharge zone of the reactor. The WHSV and the catalyst diameter were varied between 1.55 to 1.546 min -1 and 3, 5, and 7 mm, respectively. The molar ratio of methanol to oil as reactants of 15:1 is fed to the reactor, while operating condition of the reactor was kept at reaction temperature of 65 o C and ambient pressure. The fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) component in biodiesel product was identified by Gas Chromatography -Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). The results showed that the FAME yield decreases with increasing WHSV. It was found that the optimum FAME yield was achieved of 56.91 % at WHSV of 0.895 min -1 and catalyst diameter of 5 mm and reaction time of 1.25 min. It can be concluded that the biodiesel synthesis using the hybrid catalytic-plasma reactor system exhibited promising the FAME yield.

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A review of sustainable biodiesel production using biomass derived heterogeneous catalysts

Maroa

Inambao

2021

Engineering in Life Sciences

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The production of biodiesel through chemical production processes of transesterification reaction depends on suitable catalysts to hasten the chemical reactions. Therefore, the initial selection of catalysts is critical although it is also dependent on the quantity of free fatty acids in a given sample of oil. Earlier forms of biodiesel production processes relied on homogeneous catalysts, which have undesirable effects such as toxicity, high flammability, corrosion, by-products such as soap and glycerol, and high wastewater. Heterogeneous catalysts overcome most of these problems. Recent developments involve novel approaches using biomass and bio-waste resource derived heterogeneous catalysts. These catalysts are renewable, non-toxic, reusable, offer high catalytic activity and stability in both acidic and base conditions, and show high tolerance properties to water. This review work critically reviews biomass-based heterogeneous catalysts, especially those utilized in sustainable production of biofuel and biodiesel. This review examines the sustainability of these catalysts in literature in terms of small-scale laboratory and industrial applications in large-scale biodiesel and biofuel production. Furthermore, this work will critically review natural heterogeneous biomass waste and bio-waste catalysts in relation to upcoming nanotechnologies. Finally, this work will review the gaps identified in the literature for heterogeneous catalysts derived from biomass and other biocatalysts with a view to identifying future prospects for heterogeneous catalysts.Abbreviations: Al 2 O 3 , aluminum oxide; Ba, barium; BaO, barium oxide; C=O, carbonyl group; Ca, calcium; Ca 10 (PO 4 ) 6 (OH) 2 , HAP, hydroxyapatite; Ca 2 FeO 5 , calcium ferrite oxide; CaCO 3 , calcium carbonate; CaMg (CO 3 )2, dolomite; CaMnO 3 , orthorhombic perovskite; CaO, calcium oxide; CaO-CeO 2 , cerium (IV) oxide; CaTiO 3 , calcium titanate; CaZrO 3 , calcium zirconate; CH 3 OK, potassium methoxide; CH 3 ONa, sodium methoxide; CO 2 , carbon dioxide; COOH, carboxylic group; CsZrO 2 , chitoson zirconium oxide; DNA, deoxyribonucleic acid; FAAE, fatty acid alkyl esters; FAME, fatty acid methyl ester; Fe 3 O 4 , magnetic oxide (magnetite); FeCl 3 , ferric chloride; FFA, free fatty acid; FTIR, Fourier transform infrared; H 2 SO 4 , sulfuric acid; H 3 PO 4 , phosphoric acid; HCL, hydrochloric acid; HCs, hydrocarbons; HTHP, higher temperatures and pressure; K 2 CO 3 , potassium carbonate; K 2 O, potassium oxide; KF, potassium fluoride; KI, potassium iodide; KNO 3 , potassium nitrate; KOH, potassium hydroxide; La 2 O 3 , lanthanum oxide; Li/ZnO, lithium (Li) doped zinc oxide;

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Production of fatty acid methyl esters over a limestone-derived heterogeneous catalyst in a fixed-bed reactor

Cited by 30 publications

References 29 publications

Preliminary Testing of Hybrid Catalytic-Plasma Reactor for Biodiesel Production Using Modified-Carbon Catalyst

Preliminary Testing of Hybrid Catalytic-Plasma Reactor for Biodiesel Production Using Modified-Carbon Catalyst

Effects of Weight Hourly Space Velocity and Catalyst Diameter on Performance of Hybrid Catalytic-Plasma Reactor for Biodiesel Synthesis over Sulphated Zinc Oxide Acid Catalyst

A review of sustainable biodiesel production using biomass derived heterogeneous catalysts

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