Production of fast<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msup><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">H</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>0</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msup></mml:mrow></mml:math>atoms by stripping<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msup><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">H</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mo>−</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:msup></mml:mrow></mml:math>ions in gas and vapor t

Anderson, Chris; Girnius, R. J.; Howald, A. M.; Anderson, L. W.

doi:10.1103/physreva.22.822

Cited by 32 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Based upon the optimum line density measurements of D'yachkov 11 and of Anderson et al, 7 and taking into account that optimum neutralizer line density with lithium was observed to vary linearly with beam velocity, the lithium line density needed for 1 MeV D − ͑which has the same velocity as 500 keV H − ͒ should be 6 ϫ 10 15 …”

Section: B Required Line Densitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Other heavier gases, such as He, Ne, Ar, CO 2 , and O 2 , all have values of F 0 max that are significantly less than that of deuterium. 7 Thus, using a heavy gas cell could reduce the beamline gas load by a large factor, but at the cost of a substantial loss in neutralization efficiency.…”

Section: B Heavy Gas Neutralizermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…7,11 In each case the authors varied the line density of the neutralizer to find F 0 max . Anderson et al 7 found that for a variety of organic vapors, as well as several fluorocarbons, oxygen, water, and the halogens iodine and bromine, F 0 max varied across a fairly narrow range of 44%-52%, but in all these cases F 0 max was significantly less than the 58% they found for a deuterium neutralizer. These values were for a H − beam at 100 keV ͑equiva-lent to a 200 keV D − beam͒, but should be reasonable for comparison purposes since for most neutralizer materials F 0 max changes little at higher H − energies.…”

Section: A Neutralization Efficiencymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Lithium jet neutralizer to improve negative hydrogen neutral beam systems

Grisham

2007

Physics of Plasmas

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Hydrogen isotope neutral beam systems for heating and current drive in magnetic fusion energy devices have always used gas cells of the beam isotope to convert a portion of the energetic ions into neutral atoms. In the design of negative-ion based neutral beams for the ITER tokamak [R. Aymar V. A. Chuyanov, M. Huguet et al., Nuclear Fusion 41, 1301 (2001)], or for future fusion reactors, the large gas load from a traditional neutralizer cell causes many problems, including increased heat loads on the accelerator and ion source, reduced beam efficiency due to premature neutralization in the accelerator and reionization after the neutralizer, and the need to stop the beam for regeneration of the cryopanels, reducing the attractiveness of beams for reactors. We explore several approaches to decrease the neutralizer gas throughput, and conclude that a supersonic lithium vapor jet neutralizer is the most appropriate, and also affords a higher neutralization efficiency than does a hydrogen isotope gas cell.

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Section: B Required Line Densitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: B Heavy Gas Neutralizermentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: A Neutralization Efficiencymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Lithium jet neutralizer to improve negative hydrogen neutral beam systems

Grisham

2007

Physics of Plasmas

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“…The various neutralisation processes important in H--Na (3 s) collisions in the impact energy region from threshold up to several keV have been studied by several authors [4][5][6][7][8][9][10]. Two main channels have been identified, namely charge transfer H-+Na(3s) ~ H(1 s)+Na- …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Collision spectroscopy with aligned and oriented atoms

Dowek

Houver

Richter

et al. 1991

Z Phys D - Atoms, Molecules and Clusters

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Neutralisation processes in 0.15-1.5 keV collisions of H-with Na atoms in the 3s ground state or in the excited 3p state have been investigated by means of time-of-flight analysis of the neutral H atoms produced. The H--Na(3 p) system, investigated here for the first time, is particularly interesting since the entrance channel is embedded in the [H--Na(3s)]+e-continuum, enabling Penning detachment to occur. The measured relative neutralisation cross section ratios a(3p)/ o-(3s) decrease from 3 to 1.6 with increasing energy. Based on earlier published results for a(3s), a(3p) total cross sections exceeding 100 ~2 are estimated.

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“…= 50 keV.An experimental data point (×) for single-electron removal in H-+ Ar ° collisions[9] is shown for comparison. and double (o) electron removal cross sections for H-÷ Ar q+ (q _< 8) collisions at Ec.m.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Neutralization efficiency of H− beams based on measurements of one-and two-electron removal from H− in H− + Arq+ (q ≤ 8) collisions

Melchert

Debus

Kr�dener

et al. 1991

Z Phys D - Atoms, Molecules and Clusters

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A b s t r a c t Employing the Giessen ion-ion crossed-beams facility, absolute cross sections have been measured for single-and double-electron removal from H-in energetic collisions with Ar q+ (q <8) ions. The data is compared to CTMC calculations and is discussed with respect to conversion efficencies of H-into H ° beams in plasma neutralizers proposed for efficient neutral beam heating of next generation fusion plasmas.

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Production of fastH0atoms by strippingH−ions in gas and vapor t

Cited by 32 publications

References 21 publications

Lithium jet neutralizer to improve negative hydrogen neutral beam systems

Lithium jet neutralizer to improve negative hydrogen neutral beam systems

Collision spectroscopy with aligned and oriented atoms

Neutralization efficiency of H− beams based on measurements of one-and two-electron removal from H− in H− + Arq+ (q ≤ 8) collisions

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