Production of effective microorganism using halal-based sources: A review

Hadi, Akmal; Akmal, Noor; Saleh, Muhammad Idiris; Kamal, Syazni Zainul; Yaacob, Noorulnajwa Diyana

doi:10.5897/ajb11.2772

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Because of this, Abdullah et al [ 188 ] advised adopting a Halal -based source for applying EM technology in Malaysia, which is not limited to agriculture. Sulaiman et al [ 189 ] found that the nutrients in compost-based fertilizer plants in Brunei, were all in the acceptable range.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effective Microorganisms as Halal-Based Sources for Biofertilizer Production and Some Socio-Economic Insights: A Review

Yap

Al-Mutairi

2023

Foods

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This paper aims to review the literature on ‘Effective Microorganism (EM)’ and ‘Fertilizer’ from the Scopus database and to discuss EMs using Halal-based sources for biofertilizer production from socio economic insights. Based on EM and fertilizer publications on the Scopus database, all the 17 papers reviewed provided no detailed information on the Halal-status of the biofertilizers inoculated with EM. The impacts of Halal-certified biofertilizers will trigger the Halal certification in food products by (a) catering for the increasing Halal food demand due to expectedly Muslim population expansion, (b) contributing to the sustainable buying behaviour of Halal products’ consumers in the future, (c) catering for the increasing number of Muslim travellers around the world, (d) becoming a positive driver for higher production of more Halal foods that can enhance food safety, human health and well-being, and (e) creating a cost-effective and increasing food marketability. The later three points (c, d and e) play a very important role in a country’s societal well-being and economic growth and development. Although Halal-status is not a must for the world’s food marketing, Halal-certified biofertilizer for the Halal-status of food carries the greatest potential to enter the ever-expanding Muslim markets. Finally, it is postulated that the successful usage of EM using Halal-based sources for biofertilizer production will result in two major outcomes from the points of United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals # 9 (Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure) and # 12 (Responsible Consumption and Production). Hence, the presented review provides a starting point for future research considering sustainability and innovation as priorities.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effective Microorganisms as Halal-Based Sources for Biofertilizer Production and Some Socio-Economic Insights: A Review

Yap

Al-Mutairi

2023

Foods

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“…The observed variations in antifeedant activity levels of S. littoralis after EMs treatments might be caused by physiological or pathological changes. Moreover, EMs had a potential efficacy against S. littoralis, and this may be due to the presence of several microbial isolates in the formulation that have entomopathogenic activities via the production of some toxic secondary metabolites [35,36]. According to Isman [53], antifeedants have some physiological or toxic actions on insects depending on treatment concentrations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Based on Siegel et al [35] and Abdullah et al [36], EMs include lactic acid bacteria, photosynthetic bacteria, yeasts, actinomycetes, and fermenting fungi, which have been reported as plant-growth inducers [5,37]. Additionally, Moon et al [38] described the functions of different microbes of EMs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Effective Microorganisms on Some Biological and Biochemical Aspects of Spodoptera littoralis (Boisduval) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

Zayed

Taha

Hegazy

et al. 2022

Life

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The cotton leafworm, Spodoptera littoralis (Bosid.), is a major pest in African and Asian nations that attacks a wide variety of host plants. This study was conducted to assess the effectiveness of effective microorganisms (EMs) on the biological and physiological features of S. littoralis larvae. Five concentrations (100, 200, 300, 400, and 500 ppm) of EMs were tested. Antifeedant activity, food consumption index, the efficiency of converting digested food, the efficiency of converting ingested food, relative growth rate, and approximate body tissue of the fourth larval instar of S. littoralis were determined. Moreover, carbohydrate enzyme activities (amylase, trehalose, and invertase), total protein, and total lipids of S. littoralis larvae were measured to elucidate the mode of action of the tested agent in the S. littoralis’s larval stage. The EMs at 500 ppm had a substantial impact on antifeedant activity, nutritional indices, egg deposit reduction, and hatchability in S. littoralis during the five days. All concentrations interrupted S. littoralis’s life cycle and developmental phases. Furthermore, all concentrations were quite useful in lengthening the developmental stages of S. littoralis. In addition, Ems affected the biochemical activities of larvae, leading to disturbances in carbohydrate, lipid, and protein levels. From this study, EMs can be used as a bioinsecticide alternative to traditional insecticides against S. littoralis and may be compatible with integrated pest management approaches.

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Decision Tree of Materials: A Model of Halal Control Point (HCP) Identification in Small-Scale Bakery to Support Halal Certification

Sucipto

Perdani

Kamal

et al. 2022

International Journal of Food Science

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A bakery is a business that bakes flour-based foods, including bread, cookies, cakes, pastries, and pies, and sells them. Some bakeries are also categorized as large scale, medium scale, and small scale. Halal embraces all food category; bakery product can satisfy the challenge and opportunity of halal food segment market. The small-scale bakery will benefit from creating a halal certification to attract new customers. The first stage of submission for halal certification is identifying Halal Control Points (HCP) of materials and production. The material tracing uses a decision tree. The purpose of this study is to identify HCP in materials and production processes and provide alternative improvements. Identification of HCP in material decision trees to determine contains non-HCP (halal) material, HCP material, and haram (forbidden) material. Happy Cake bakery uses 75% non-HCP (halal) materials and 25% HCP (noncertified halal) materials from 80 ingredients. Bakery Canggi Fully has 83.3% halal materials and 16.6% noncertified halal materials from 24 ingredients. Bakery MacCheese has 79% of halal materials and 21% of noncertified halal materials from 43 ingredients. The decision tree makes it very easy to identify the halal status of ingredients. The HCP ingredients need to be replaced with clearly halal ingredients. Substitution of HCP material to halal-certified ingredients may affect production costs, product quality, and profit. Therefore, it is necessary to choose a suitable halal material. Halal certification requires a high commitment of small-scale bakery businesses.

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Production of effective microorganism using halal-based sources: A review

Cited by 5 publications

References 6 publications

Effective Microorganisms as Halal-Based Sources for Biofertilizer Production and Some Socio-Economic Insights: A Review

Effective Microorganisms as Halal-Based Sources for Biofertilizer Production and Some Socio-Economic Insights: A Review

Influence of Effective Microorganisms on Some Biological and Biochemical Aspects of Spodoptera littoralis (Boisduval) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

Decision Tree of Materials: A Model of Halal Control Point (HCP) Identification in Small-Scale Bakery to Support Halal Certification

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