Production of Dobsonfly (<i>Corydalus cornutus</i>) Larvae in the New River of West Virginia

Roell, Michael J.; Orth, Donald J.

doi:10.1080/02705060.1991.9665270

Cited by 12 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 9 publications

(20 reference statements)

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“…Hellgrammites forage on rocks and wood (Roell and Orth 1991;Phillips 1996;Kirk and Smock 2000) while greenside darters and creek chubs consume prey from the upper surfaces of rocks and from the drift (Smith 1979;Magnan and FitzGerald 1984;Dahl and Greenberg 1996;Welsh and Perry 1998). Large hellgrammite larvae (mean head width=8.0±0.3 mm) and small fish (mean mass=3.1±0.2 g for darters and 6.0±1.1 g for creek chubs; mean TL=70.0±1.1 mm for darters and 78.3±4.2 mm for creek chubs) were used to avoid intraguild predation.…”

Section: Study Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiple predator effects result in risk reduction for prey across multiple prey densities

Vance‐Chalcraft

Soluk

2005

Oecologia

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Investigating how prey density influences a prey's combined predation risk from multiple predator species is critical for understanding the widespread importance of multiple predator effects. We conducted experiments that crossed six treatments consisting of zero, one, or two predator species (hellgrammites, greenside darters, and creek chubs) with three treatments in which we varied the density of mayfly prey. None of the multiple predator effects in our system were independent, and instead, the presence of multiple predator species resulted in risk reduction for the prey across both multiple predator combinations and all three levels of prey density. Risk reduction is likely to have population-level consequences for the prey, resulting in larger prey populations than would be predicted if the effects of multiple predator species were independent. For one of the two multiple predator combinations, the magnitude of risk reduction marginally increased with prey density. As a result, models predicting the combined risk from multiple predator species in this system will sometimes need to account for prey density as a factor influencing per-capita prey death rates.

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Section: Study Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiple predator effects result in risk reduction for prey across multiple prey densities

Vance‐Chalcraft

Soluk

2005

Oecologia

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“…Dragonfly larvae and hellgrammites typically forage on benthic rock surfaces (Roell and Orth 1991;Galbreath and Hendricks 1992;Kirk and Smock 2000); greenside darters and creek chubs typically take prey either off the top surfaces of stones or from the drift (Smith 1979;Magnan and FitzGerald 1984;Welsh and Perry 1998). Stenonema mayfly larvae (Ephemeroptera: Heptageniidae) (5.4-11.4 mm total length) were used as prey.…”

Section: Study System and A Priori Expectationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimating the prevalence and strength of non-independent predator effects

Vance‐Chalcraft

Soluk

2005

Oecologia

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Understanding whether multiple predator species have independent effects on shared prey is critical for understanding community dynamics. We describe the prevalence and strength of non-independence between predators by quantifying the prey's risk of predation and the degree to which it deviates from the risk predicted from a null model of independent predator effects. Specifically, we document how frequently non-independent effects occur among ten different multiple predator combinations with mayfly larvae as prey. These predator combinations vary both predator density and predator species richness. Overall, the predator effects were non-independent and translated to an average of 27% fewer prey being consumed compared to independent predator effects. Non-independence of this magnitude is likely to have population level consequences for the prey and influence the distribution or prey preference of predators. Closer inspection shows that much of the risk reduction in this system is weak, to the point of being indistinguishable from independent predator effects, while few effects are strong. This pattern of many weak interactions and few strong ones parallels the pattern of interaction strengths documented previously in intertidal communities. Consequently, understanding strong interactors in multiple predator systems may help us understand the importance of a species.

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“…The New River originates in the mountains of northwestern North Carolina and flows generally northward through Virginia and into West Virginia. Samples were collected from two study sites (Bluestone Dam and Sandstone Falls) in the New River in southern West Virginia (described by Roell & Orth 1991. These two sites were chosen to determine the consistency of diet shifts at sites with differing invertebrate abundances and because a concurrent macroinvertebrate sampling program was being conducted at both sites.…”

Section: Study Site Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…), crayfish (Orconectes spp. ), and dobsonfly larvae (Couydalzis cornutus L.) are commonly found in the New River (Lobb & Orth 1991;Roell & Orth 1991;Roell & Orth 1992), yet they were not present in the diets of juvenile smallmouth bass. Because of their swimming abilities, larval and juvenile minnows are probably more difficult for juvenile smallmouth bass to capture than Ephemeroptera.…”

Section: Gape Limitationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ontogenetic diet shifts of age‐0 smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieu Lacepède) in the New River, West Virginia, USA

Easton

Orth

1992

Ecology of Freshwater Fish

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Larval and juvenile smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieu Lacepède; 8.5–85.0 mm total length (TL)) were collected from 2 sites in the New River, West Virginia, in the late spring and early summer to document diet shifts during early ontogeny. The first foods of smallmouth bass (TL = 9 mm) were primarily Chironomidae and microcrustaceans (primarily Copepoda). Other aquatic insects, primarily Ephemeroptera, became more abundant in the stomachs as TL increased. A shift in the proportions and types of prey consumed began at approximately 15 mm TL and was primarily attributed to fin development and increased mouth size. Foraging success, measured by number of prey per stomach, stomach fullness, and average prey volume was lower for first‐feeding smallmouth bass than for later life stages. Mouth width appeared to restrict the size of prey consumed by larval smallmouth bass, but the maximum prey width never approached the mouth width for fish longer than 35 mm TL.

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Production of Dobsonfly (Corydalus cornutus) Larvae in the New River of West Virginia

Cited by 12 publications

References 9 publications

Multiple predator effects result in risk reduction for prey across multiple prey densities

Multiple predator effects result in risk reduction for prey across multiple prey densities

Estimating the prevalence and strength of non-independent predator effects

Ontogenetic diet shifts of age‐0 smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieu Lacepède) in the New River, West Virginia, USA

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