Production of desensitized, ultrafine PETN powder

Tisdale, Jeremy; Hill, Larry; Duque, Amanda L.

doi:10.1016/j.powtec.2021.10.042

Cited by 10 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…When spray drying with the different nozzles, all of the processing conditions including temperature and gas flow were kept as close as possible to each other to directly compare the effects of different nozzle sizes and types. The PSDs were calculated using high-resolution image analysis based on our previously reported methodology . From the particle images, we measured and recorded particle areas using the built-in Keyence particle size analysis software, and constructed probability distribution functions to accurately represent the PSDs for each spray-dried powder.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For the 0.7, 1.4, and 2.0 mm nozzle spray-dried RDX, a two-fluid nozzle system in a Buchi B-290 spray dryer was used to process the solution, with variations in the nozzle opening size as specified. A detailed description of the process and setup is given in our previous work . Using the pneumatic two-fluid nozzles, the feedstock solution is co-sprayed through the system with heated nitrogen gas.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Due to the sample sizes used in the image analysis method, we utilized a continuum statistics method to derive a probability distribution function to best describe the PSDs for each spray-dried RDX sample. A detailed explanation of this statistical method is fully explained in our previous work …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous work of others has demonstrated that spray drying of HE composites produces novel energetic material microstructures, including micro/nanocomposites, − cocrystals, , and novel energetic formulations. − While spray drying has proven to be a cost-effective, simple processing method for HE composites, few studies have focused on utilizing spray drying to process neat (single-component) HE materials. , Recently, we demonstrated the ability to produce pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN) nanocrystals with a narrow particle distribution, which is generally understood to be a strategy for controlling the sensitivity of energetic materials. Indeed, we showed that spray drying standard, crystalline PETN into an ultrafine PSD with smooth crystal facets significantly reduced the small-scale handling sensitivity . However, some studies have shown that reduction of crystal size can also lead to increased sensitivity for certain energetic materials, , which makes understanding sensitivity properties in connection with material microstructure an important and complex issue.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Microstructural and Sensitivity Changes of Neat, Spray-Dried RDX

et al. 2022

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Spray drying has recently gained interest in the high explosives (HE) community for the production of novel nanocomposites and wellcontrolled particle size distributions. However, there is a dearth of information on spray-dried, neat energetic materials. In this work, we correlate the spray drying production parameters to the resulting microstructure and handling sensitivity properties of neat RDX. We demonstrate the capability to fine-tune the particle size distributions for "nanopowder" spray-dried RDX, as well as larger particle size distributions by simply changing the spray dryer setup. We also investigate other physical and chemical changes that RDX undergoes after being processed with spray drying. We characterize these changes with scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography, and small-scale sensitivity tests. Interestingly, although the phase and chemical properties are similar before and after spray drying, small-scale sensitivity testing reveals that size reduction of RDX does not follow the typical HE desensitization trends, generally observed for other energetic materials.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Microstructural and Sensitivity Changes of Neat, Spray-Dried RDX

et al. 2022

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“…Te geopolymer precursor powder prepared via the hydrolyzed sol-gel method [25][26][27][28][29] can obtain geopolymer precursor powder materials with higher purity, shorter preparation time, lower cost, and higher activation activity, and hence provides useful reference information for large-scale applications. A spray drying technique [30,31] to manufacture a new "nano-powder" morphology of pentaerythritol tetranitrate.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Production of Micron-Sized Particles of Bauxite by Circulating Pulverization Experiment

Yongbo

Feng

et al. 2022

Advances in Materials Science and Engineering

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A novel process involving the production of micron-sized particles of bauxite by circulating pulverization experiment is proposed. This method is through high-pressure gas infiltration, uniform and equal stress loading, and overcoming tensile strength between particles, which is different from the traditional ball milling based on overcoming compressive or shear strength. The circulating pulverization experiment is designed so that the coarse particles larger than 147 μm need to be repulverized or added to the new bauxite ores and repulverized under the same experimental conditions. The results of the first group of circulating experiments show that the proportion of particles less than 147 μm increases from 27% to 91%, which reveals that the coarse particles larger than 147 μm can be repowdered. The results of the second group of circulating experiments show that the powdering efficiency of particles larger than 147 μm is almost equivalent to the raw ore, and the proportion of particles less than 147 μm after four circulating pulverization experiments can reach 64.5%. The result is crucial for actual production because coarse particles will fill in the raw ore and be repulverized together, which can ensure continuous production and stable pulverization efficiency. Economic analysis reveals that the power consumption of the circulating pulverization experiment is estimated at 0.028$ per ton.

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Preparation and characterization of superfine spherical TKX‐50 with a hollow structure by spray drying

Wang

Jiang

Zong

et al. 2023

Propellants Explo Pyrotec

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Micro/nano energetic materials with regular morphologies exhibit high energy release efficiency, superior charge performance, and low mechanical sensitivity. Exploring dihydroxylammonium 5,5'-bistetrazole-1,1'-diolate (TKX-50) with spherical microstructures and excellent comprehensive properties is of great significance for potential applications. In this work, a kind of superfine spherical TKX-50 was fabricated by spray drying method. The as-prepared TKX-50 had a narrow particle size distribution with d 50 = 3.14 μm, high sphericity of 0.944 with hollow structure and bulk density of 1.851 g/cm 3 . And its formation mechanism was proposed. The results of XRD and FT-IR demonstrated that spray drying would not change the crystal structure of TKX-50. TG-DSC results showed that the initial decomposition and the peak temperature of superfine spherical TKX-50 was about 10 °C lower than raw TKX-50, and the apparent activation energy was 4.584 kJ • mol À 1 lower than raw TKX-50, due to the dramatic change in morphology. TG-DSC-FTIR-MS provided a new understanding of decomposition process of TKX-50, and the results illustrated that the main gas products were N 2 , H 2 O, N 2 O, NH 3 , NO, NH 2 , CO 2 , and HCN. Superfine spherical TKX-50 underwent similar decomposition path as raw TKX-50 but stood out in its larger occupation of the first decomposition which meant a more complete decomposition and its faster rate of the whole decomposition process. More importantly, the impact sensitivity (H 50 ) increased from 50.1 cm to 70.8 cm, and the friction sensitivity (P) decreased from 24 % to 0 %, showing improved safety performance.

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Production of desensitized, ultrafine PETN powder

Cited by 10 publications

References 26 publications

Microstructural and Sensitivity Changes of Neat, Spray-Dried RDX

Microstructural and Sensitivity Changes of Neat, Spray-Dried RDX

Production of Micron-Sized Particles of Bauxite by Circulating Pulverization Experiment

Preparation and characterization of superfine spherical TKX‐50 with a hollow structure by spray drying

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