Production of cyathane type secondary metabolites by submerged cultures of Hericium erinaceus and evaluation of their antibacterial activity by direct bioautography

Abstract

BackgroundFungi of the phylum Basidiomycota are well-known to form a broad spectrum of biologically active secondary metabolites, especially low molecular weight compounds such as terpenoids. Hericium erinaceus produces various cyathane type diterpenoids including erinacines. However, no quantitative data and production kinetics have been reported on the biosynthesis of the erinacines C and P in submerged cultures. In the present study, the production of erinacine C was optimized, and the product formation kinetics as well as the antimicrobial activity were studied by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) and direct bioautography.ResultsOatmeal and Edamin® K were identified to be crucial media components for an efficient production of erinacine C. The highest concentrations of erinacine C were obtained in the optimized culture medium on the 9th culture day (approximately 260 mg L−1). The production of erinacine P was strongly time dependent. The maximum concentration of erinacine P of 184 mg L−1 was observed on the third culture day. Afterwards, the concentrations of erinacine P decreased while the concentrations of erinacine C steadily increased. Comparable results were obtained by HPTLC with UV detection and HPLC with diode-array detection (DAD) analyses. Direct bioautography allowed for an additional analysis of the antimicrobial activity of the secondary metabolites.ConclusionsThe C and N sources oatmeal and Edamin® K induced the formation of erinacine C. Detailed product formation kinetics of the erinacines C and P have been reported for the first time. HPTLC combined with the Aliivibrio fischeri bioassay allowed for an instant detection of cyathane diterpenoids in crude extracts and for an evaluation of the antimicrobial activity of the secondary metabolites directly on the plate.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s40694-015-0018-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Hericium erinaceus powder inhibits the growth of Porphyromonas gingivalis

“…For example, H. erinaceus, known as Yamabushitake in Japan, has served since ancient times as food and natural medicine in East Asia. We found that H. erinaceus possesses strong antibacterial activity against P. gingivalis, consistent with the fi ndings of others [14][15][16]. However, little information is available about the antibacterial potential of H. erinaceus against oral bacteria.…”

Preclinical Bioavailability, Tissue Distribution, and Protein Binding Studies of Erinacine A, a Bioactive Compound from Hericium erinaceus Mycelia Using Validated LC-MS/MS Method

“…Hericium erinaceus is a culinary-medicinal mushroom with a long history of usage in Eastern Asia [ 1 ]. This mushroom has been widely reported to possess wound healing [ 2 ], anti-hyperlipidemic [ 3 ], anti-hyperglycemic [ 3 ], ischemia injury-preventive [ 4 ], anti-cancer [ 5 ], anti-bacterial [ 6 ], immuno-modulating [ 7 ], antioxidant [ 8 ], anti-osteoporotic [ 8 ], anti-neurodegenerative [ 9 ], anti-depression [ 10 ], and Alzheimer’s disease-ameliorating [ 11 ] activities. Due to these potential health benefits, H. erinaceus has attracted attention for the research and development of functional foods.…”

Absolute Bioavailability, Tissue Distribution, and Excretion of Erinacine S in Hericium erinaceus Mycelia

“…Hericium erinaceus , also known as the lion’s mane mushroom, hou tou gu , or yamabushitake , is an edible mushroom with medicinal values that has a long history of usage in Eastern Asia [1]. This mushroom has been reported to possess anti-cancer [2], immuno-modulating [3], anti-hyperglycemic [4], anti-hyperlipidemic [4], anti-oxidant [5], anti-osteoporotic [5], anti-bacterial [6], wound healing [7], anti-neurodegenerative [8], neurogenesis-inducing, and memory-improving activities [9,10,11]. Moreover, H. erinaceus has been shown to prevent ischemia injury [12], Alzheimer’s disease [13], Parkinson’s disease [14], and depression [15] in animal models.…”