Production of compounds to be used as fuel additive: Glycerol conversion using Nb-doped MgAl mixed oxide

Glycerol Acetylation over Organic-Inorganic Sulfonic or Phosphonic Silica Catalysts

“…Moreover, it can be utilized as a smart building block for the production of different fine chemicals. In the last years, several chemical reactions (dehydration, etherification, oxidation, acetalyzation) were considered in order to transform glycerol into value‐added chemicals ,,. Esterification and, in particular, acetylation reactions of glycerol is, nowadays, constantly studied because it is a useful approach to obtain mono‐(MAG), di‐(DAG) and tri‐(TAG) acetins (see Scheme ) .…”

Effluent Cleaning, Greener Catalysts and Bioecomaterials from Agricultural Wastes

“…10% of glycerol as a subproduct which has led to a fall in the glycerol prices, making the search for other industrial applications a neccesity. Amongst all possible processes to increase the value of glycerol, etherification is one of the most promising, since glycerol ethers can be used as such or with slight modification as fuel additives [20]. Other important uses are found in cosmetics, food additives, monomers for polimerisation processes etc.…”

“…The catalysts prepared in this way are in fact Ecomaterials and their origin makes them competitive with commercial ones. Production of ethers with more than three glycerol molecules competes with diethers and thus control of the selectitivy is important, especially keeping in mind that the diglycerol ethers ( Figure 6) are produced at short reaction times, which gives the process an added value [20,22]. Etherification of glycerol with acid catalysts was found to be difficult to control.…”

“…Also, the use of an inert atmosphere was necessary to avoid over oxidation [34]. The reactions carried out with RP47 and RP48 gave very low conversions as corresponds to their smaller active surfaces, since they were prepared at 700 °C and 850 °C respectively (RP47: 8 h, 5 % conversion, 75 % linear diglicerol, 25 % cyclic, RP48: 8 h, 2 % conversion, 50 % cyclic, 50 % linear) [20,23,31].…”

Properties of fatty acid glycerol formal ester (FAGE) for use as a component in blends for diesel engines

“…Some of these ethers have also shown certain effectiveness in particulate matter suppression in diesel engines [23]. Another remarkable etherification reaction from glycerol is the production of di-, tri and tetraglycerol, which have shown a good potential as octane enhancers of gasolines [24]. Catalytic decomposition of glycerol has also been used as a way to produce oxygenated additives (such as propanediol, acetaldehyde or acetic acid) with some potential to improve cold-flow properties in diesel fuels and to reduce particulate matter emissions [25].…”