Production of compact petunias through polyploidization

Regalado, J. J.; Martín, E.; Querol, V.; Vélez, Carlos G.; Encina, Carlos López; Pitta‐Alvarez, Sandra I.

doi:10.1007/s11240-016-1156-5

Cited by 25 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Besides, the metaphases of synthetic triploids had 2n = 45 chromosomes, as observed for natural triploids of L. alba, suggesting that some chromosomes were lost in tetraploid cells. Losses of whole chromosomes can occur in regenerated mixoploids in attempt to stabilize the genomic constitution after polyploidy induction in the short-term, but the emergence of a new ploidal level seems to be rare (Dodsworth et al, 2016;Regalado et al, 2017;Salma et al, 2017;Doyle and Coate, 2019). In addition we could not cannot discard the possibility that some cells 2n = 45 could be present in small quantity in mixoploids and this ploidal level increased in detriment of the others after the acclimatization in greenhouse.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Induction of Synthetic Polyploids and Assessment of Genomic Stability in Lippia alba

et al. 2020

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Polyploidy is widely recognized as a major evolutionary force in plants and has been reported in the genus Lippia (Verbenaceae). Lippia alba, the most studied species, has been documented as a polyploid complex involving at least four ploidal levels. L. alba presents remarkable chemical and genetic variation and represents a model for understanding genome organization. Although the economic and medicinal importance of the species has been widely described, no established polyploid induction protocol has been reported so far. Here, we describe the production of synthetic polyploid plants of L. alba using colchicine. The ploidal levels were estimated by flow cytometry and chromosome counting. In addition, FISH and molecular markers approaches were used to confirm the stability of the synthetic polyploids. The major component of the essential oils was estimated by GCMS to compare with the natural individuals. Tetraploids and triploids were produced providing new opportunities for investigating medicinal, pharmacological, and economic applications as well as addressing intrinsic questions involved in the polyploidization process in tropical plants.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Induction of Synthetic Polyploids and Assessment of Genomic Stability in Lippia alba

et al. 2020

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“…Polyploids (usually tetraploids) are most often obtained in vitro or ex vitro by treatment with an antimitotic agent, and plants of desirable ploidy are selected using FCM. This approach was successfully performed for 3 Hibiscus species, Rhododendron hybrid R. × kosterianum, Syringa vulgaris × S. pinnatifolia, a few Rosa species, Gerbera jamesonii, Hemerocallis × hybrida, and Petunia axillaris (Rose et al, 2000;Väinölä, 2000;Van Huylenbroeck et al, 2000;Allum et al, 2007;Crespel et al, 2015;Podwyszyńska et al, 2015;Regalado et al, 2017). The induction of artificial polyploidy can also increase the production of important medicinal compounds and for this reason was introduced into Ocimum basilicum, Thymus persicus, and Trachyspermum ammi (Omidbaigi et al, 2010;Tavan et al, 2015;Noori et al, 2017).…”

Section: Plant Breedingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flow cytometry – a modern method for exploring genome size and nuclear DNA synthesis in horticultural and medicinal plant species

Śliwińska

2018

Folia Horticulturae

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Flow cytometry (FCM) has been used for plant DNA content estimation since the 1980s; however, presently, the number of laboratories equipped with flow cytometers has significantly increased and these are used extensively not only for research but also in plant breeding (especially polyploid and hybrid breeding) and seed production and technology to establish seed maturity, quality and advancement of germination. A broad spectrum of horticultural and medicinal species has been analyzed using this technique, and various FCM applications are presented in the present review. The most common application is genome size and ploidy estimation, but FCM is also very convenient for establishing cell cycle activity and endoreduplication intensity in different plant organs and tissues. It can be used to analyze plant material grown in a greenhouse/field as well asin vitro. Due to somaclonal variation, plant material grown in tissue culture is especially unstable in its DNA content and, therefore, FCM analysis is strongly recommended. Horticultural species are often used as internal standards in genome size estimation and as models for cytometrically studied cytotoxic/anticancer/allelopathic effects of different compounds. With the growing interest in genome modification, increased application of FCM is foreseen.

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“…The chemical approach is currently under debate for environmental reasons (Wang et al, 2011 ; Lutken et al, 2012 ). More compact growing polyploids have been found in Malus (Hias et al, 2017 ), Buddleja (Rose et al, 2000 ), Petunia (Regalado et al, 2017 ), Rosa (Feng et al, 2017 ), Platanus (Liu et al, 2007 ), and Eriobotrya (Blasco et al, 2015 ) among others. Besides morphological changes, physiological changes, e.g., stress resistance and flowering period, are reported for polyploid plants (Levin, 2002 ; Van Laere et al, 2010 ; Regalado et al, 2017 ) due to an increase in genome flexibility (Levin, 2002 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…More compact growing polyploids have been found in Malus (Hias et al, 2017 ), Buddleja (Rose et al, 2000 ), Petunia (Regalado et al, 2017 ), Rosa (Feng et al, 2017 ), Platanus (Liu et al, 2007 ), and Eriobotrya (Blasco et al, 2015 ) among others. Besides morphological changes, physiological changes, e.g., stress resistance and flowering period, are reported for polyploid plants (Levin, 2002 ; Van Laere et al, 2010 ; Regalado et al, 2017 ) due to an increase in genome flexibility (Levin, 2002 ). A change in drought tolerance was found in tetraploid Spathiphyllum (Van Laere et al, 2010 ), in autotetraploid Malus (Zhang et al, 2015 ) and in pentaploid Betula (Li et al, 1996 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Once polyploids are created, traits need to be evaluated. Most phenotyping studies on polyploid ornamentals measure the characteristics of interest, e.g., internode length, leaf length and width, flower diameter, number, and length of branches, etc., manually on a limited number of plants (Stanys et al, 2006 ; Liu et al, 2007 ; Tang et al, 2010 ; Van Laere et al, 2010 ; Regalado et al, 2017 ). However, in contrast, image analysis enables a more in-depth analysis of plant characteristics (Fahlgren et al, 2015 ), as performed on leaf area on tetraploid apple trees (Hias et al, 2017 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Variable Effect of Polyploidization on the Phenotype in Escallonia

et al. 2018

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To induce new variation within the Escallonia genus, chromosome doubling was performed in E. rubra, E. rosea, and E. illinita, three important species within this genus of mainly evergreen woody ornamental species. Obtained tetraploids and diploid controls were analyzed for rooting capacity, leaf and flower characteristics, and plant architecture using image analysis and cold tolerance. In the present study, a breeders' collection of 23 accessions was characterized cytogenetically and described morphologically. All analyzed species and cultivars were diploid (2n = 2x = 24), with exception of E. pendula, a tetraploid. Today, breeding in Escallonia is limited to lucky finds in seedling populations and few efforts in interspecific hybridization. Three selected Escallonia species underwent an in vitro chromosome doubling with both oryzalin and trifluralin applied as either a continuous or shock treatment. The treatments successfully induced polyploids in all three species. Image analysis revealed that tetraploid E. rosea had decreased shoot length (from 3.8 to 1.3 cm), higher circularity and more dense growth habit compared to diploids. No significant changes in cold tolerance were seen. Tetraploid E. illinita did not differ in shoot length, but an increased outgrowth of axillary buds on the main axis led to denser plants. For tetraploid E. rubra, an increase in plant height (from 4.9 to 5.5 cm) was observed together with a large decrease in circularity and density due to a more polar outgrowth of branches on the main axis. E. rubra tetraploids bore larger flowers than diploids and had an increased cold tolerance (from −7.7 to −11.8°C). Leaf width and area of tetraploids increased for both E. illinita and E. rubra, while a decrease was seen in E. rosea genotypes. For all three species, the rooting capacity of the tetraploids did not differ from the diploids. We conclude that the effect of polyploidization on Escallonia was highly variable and species dependent.

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Production of compact petunias through polyploidization

Cited by 25 publications

References 39 publications

Induction of Synthetic Polyploids and Assessment of Genomic Stability in Lippia alba

Induction of Synthetic Polyploids and Assessment of Genomic Stability in Lippia alba

Flow cytometry – a modern method for exploring genome size and nuclear DNA synthesis in horticultural and medicinal plant species

The Variable Effect of Polyploidization on the Phenotype in Escallonia

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