Production of Coleopteran Predators

Riddick, Eric W.; Chen, Hongyin

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-391453-8.00002-9

Cited by 16 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 149 publications

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“…Most frequently, IGP is reported to be damaging or antagonistic [16][17][18][19][20][21][22] although it may sometimes have a neutral [23] or beneficial (synergistic) effect [24,25].The effect of cannibalism has received less modelling attention, which is curious since it is often associated with IGP. Moreover, it is an important impediment to efficiency in the mass production of biological control agents [26][27][28][29][30][31]. In addition, in augmentative biological control, releases can result in high densities of natural enemies at low pest levels, or before the pest appears on the crop [32].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Do Development and Diet Determine the Degree of Cannibalism in Insects? To Eat or Not to Eat Conspecifics

Fernández

Gámez

Garay

et al. 2020

Insects

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Cannibalism in insects plays an important role in ecological relationships. Nonetheless, it has not been studied as extensively as in other arthropods groups (e.g., Arachnida). From a theoretical point of view, cannibalism has an impact on the development of more realistic stage-structure mathematical models. Additionally, it has a practical application for biological pest control, both in mass-rearing and out in the field through inoculative releases. In this paper, the cannibalistic behavior of two species of predatory bugs was studied under laboratory conditions—one of them a generalist predator (strictly carnivorous), Nabis pseudoferus, and the other a true omnivore (zoophytophagous), Nesidiocoris tenuis—and compared with the intraguild predation (IGP) behavior. The results showed that cannibalism in N. pseudoferus was prevalent in all the developmental stages studied, whereas in N. tenuis, cannibalism was rarely observed, and it was restricted mainly to the first three nymphal stages. Cannibalism and intraguild predation had no linear relationship with the different cannibal–prey size ratios, as evaluated by the mortality rates and survival times, although there were variations in cannibalism between stages, especially for N. pseudoferus. The mathematical model’s implications are presented and discussed.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Do Development and Diet Determine the Degree of Cannibalism in Insects? To Eat or Not to Eat Conspecifics

Fernández

Gámez

Garay

et al. 2020

Insects

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“…One approach to facilitating mass production of C. maculata is through the provision of inexpensive, nutritious artificial diets that promote development, growth and reproduction of C. maculata over consecutive generations. Artificial diets devoid of insect components, or meridic diets (Grenier and De Clercq, 2003), would greatly reduce costs associated with rearing C. maculata, in lieu of natural prey, because natural prey (such as most aphid species) often require live host plants as food (Hagen, 1987;Riddick and Chen, 2014). No such standalone, arthropod-free artificial diet is currently available for lady beetles, but research has been ongoing (Smirnoff, 1958;Atallah and Newsom, 1966;Silva et al, 2010;Sighinolfi et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of Tenebrio molitor (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) powder to enhance artificial diet formulations for Coleomegilla maculata (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae)

2016

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The predatory lady beetle Coleomegilla maculata has potential to control several arthropod pests on crop plants in greenhouses and high tunnels. However, an effective artificial diet is needed in order to mass produce C. maculata in sufficient quantities for augmentative releases. The objectives of this study were to develop a semi-solid insectfree artificial diet, evaluate the diet effects on C. maculata fitness, and determine if adding extracts (consisting of dry powder of whole pupae) of the yellow mealworm, Tenebrio molitor, could improve the suitability of the diet formulations and the life parameters of C. maculata. Although C. maculata completed development and reproduced on two meridic artificial diet formulations (M1 and M2), neither one was as effective as a control diet mix consisting of Ephestia kuehniella, Artemia sp. Eggs, and bee pollen. Incorporation of T. molitor extracts into the diet formulation (5 and 7% in diets T1 and T2, respectively), significantly improved C. maculata larval survival, shortened post-embryonic development time, increased fecundity and egg viability as compared to the meridic diet formulations. Adults feeding on diets T1 and T2 (containing T. molitor extracts) produced more eggs and had a better survival than those feeding on the control diet mix. Also, egg viability was significantly higher in diets T1 and T2 than in the control. Demographic parameters showed that the overall fitness of C. maculata fed the meridic diet containing T. molitor extracts was superior to beetles fed the control mix. The role of feeding stimulation by T. molitor added components as responsible for the diet improvement is discussed.

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“…This should make the mass rearing of C. montrouzieri less time-consuming, less labour-intensive and more cost-effective. A possible next step in rationalizing the rearing system for this ladybird is the development of an artificial diet (Riddick and Chen 2013). Chumakova (1962) described an artificial diet based on casein and amino acids for C. montrouzieri but larvae suffered from high mortality (Hodek 1967).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Not only is this natural rearing method time-consuming but the seasonal availability of these plant materials also complicates the continuous supply of adequate quantities of mealybugs. In order to improve the economy of mass production, factitious food sources have been employed for the rearing of different coleopteran predators with notable success (Hodek and Honȇk 2009;Riddick and Chen 2013). For example, eggs of different Lepidoptera species have shown to be a suitable factitious food for the predatory ladybirds Adalia bipunctata (L.) (De Clercq et al 2005), Propylea japonica (Thunberg) (Hamasaki and Matsui 2006) and Harmonia axyridis (Pallas) (Berkvens et al 2008b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A semi-artificial rearing system for the specialist predatory ladybird Cryptolaemus montrouzieri

et al. 2014

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In the present study a semi-artificial rearing system for the Australian ladybird Cryptolaemus montrouzieri Mulsant (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), a specialist predator of mealybugs, was developed. In a first step, a rearing system using eggs of the Mediterranean flour moth Ephestia kuehniella Zeller (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) as a food and synthetic polyester wadding as an oviposition substrate was compared with a natural rearing system using the citrus mealybug, Planococcus citri (Risso) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae), as to its effects on the predator's developmental and reproductive parameters. In a second series of experiments the performance of C. montrouzieri on bee pollen or on a mixture of E. kuehniella eggs and bee pollen was assessed. E. kuehniella eggs proved to be a suitable food to support larval development of the predator. Ladybird larvae reared on flour moth eggs developed two days faster and weighed approximately 10 % more than their counterparts reared on mealybugs. Despite a prolongation of the preoviposition period with ca. eight days and a decrease in egg hatch by about 10 %, C. montrouzieri females fed moth eggs accepted the synthetic wadding as an oviposition substrate and deposited the same number of eggs their counterparts maintained on mealybugs. A mixture of E. kuehniella eggs with pollen yielded similar developmental and reproductive rates as E. kuehniella eggs alone, but a diet of bee pollen alone was not adequate for the predator. Our findings indicate the potential of a rearing system using E. kuehniella eggs as a factitious food and synthetic wadding as an artificial oviposition substrate for the mass production of C. montrouzieri

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Production of Coleopteran Predators

Cited by 16 publications

References 149 publications

Do Development and Diet Determine the Degree of Cannibalism in Insects? To Eat or Not to Eat Conspecifics

Do Development and Diet Determine the Degree of Cannibalism in Insects? To Eat or Not to Eat Conspecifics

Use of Tenebrio molitor (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) powder to enhance artificial diet formulations for Coleomegilla maculata (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae)

A semi-artificial rearing system for the specialist predatory ladybird Cryptolaemus montrouzieri

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