Production of cellulose nanofiber (CNF) from empty fruit bunch (EFB) via mechanical method

Supian, Muhammad Arif Fahmi; Amin, Khairatun Najwa Mohd; Madusari, Sylvia; Mohamad, Shahril

doi:10.1016/j.jece.2019.103024

Cited by 80 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Both techniques produced MFCs of long and network-like fibrils with widths ranging from 8 to 40 nm. One study isolated CNF from OPEFB via the thermal-chemical process followed by nano-grinding treatment [60]. The produced nanocellulose had a morphological dimensional change from 8.25 µm to 17.85 nm.…”

Section: Cellulose Nanofibers (Cnf) From Opefbmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch Resources in Nanocellulose Hydrogel Production for Versatile Applications: A Review

et al. 2020

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Oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) is considered the cheapest natural fiber with good properties and exists abundantly in Malaysia. It has great potential as an alternative main raw material to substitute woody plants. On the other hand, the well-known polymeric hydrogel has gathered a lot of interest due to its three-dimensional (3D) cross-linked network with high porosity. However, some issues regarding its performance like poor interfacial connectivity and mechanical strength have been raised, hence nanocellulose has been introduced. In this review, the plantation of oil palm in Malaysia is discussed to show the potential of OPEFB as a nanocellulose material in hydrogel production. Nanocellulose can be categorized into three nano-structured celluloses, which differ in the processing method. The most popular nanocellulose hydrogel processing methods are included in this review. The 3D printing method is taking the lead in current hydrogel production due to its high complexity and the need for hygiene products. Some of the latest advanced applications are discussed to show the high commercialization potential of nanocellulose hydrogel products. The authors also considered the challenges and future direction of nanocellulose hydrogel. OPEFB has met the requirements of the marketplace and product value chains as nanocellulose raw materials in hydrogel applications.

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Section: Cellulose Nanofibers (Cnf) From Opefbmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch Resources in Nanocellulose Hydrogel Production for Versatile Applications: A Review

et al. 2020

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“…Hemicellulose filtrate with high xylose content (Tian et al, 2022) Method: thermal-chemical-nanogrinding; empty fruit bunch T = 80 °C and P = ambient; solvent = sodium hydroxide (NaOH) for hemicellulose removal; sodium chlorite for delignification (NaOCl 2 ); a steam explosion-sodium hydroxide, sodium chlorite-nanogrinding method The series of steps until delignification were considered pretreatment prior to crystalline nanofiber (CNF) production via nanogrinding (post mechanical step). CNF production was potentially suitable via nanogrinding treatment (Supian et al, 2020) Method: hydrothermal-mechanical; energycane bagasse T = 150-170 °C and P = 1 atm; solvent = deionized water and liquid nitrogen; with disk milling/cryogenic grinding application Yielded 62% higher xylan recovery and 69.7% higher glucan, with low inhibitor, i.e., acetic acid or furfural generation (i.e., at 150 °C) (Maitra & Singh, 2021) Method: physiobiological; microcrystalline cellulose T = 50 °C and P = ambient; enzyme = cellulase from Aspergillus niger;…”

Section: Cfsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cellulosic fiber nanocomposite application review with zinc oxide antimicrobial agent nanoparticle: an opt for COVID-19 purpose

Azizan

Samsudin

Baharin

et al. 2022

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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Cellulosic fiber (CF) in nanoform is emergingly finding its way for COVID-19 solution for instance via nanocomposite/ nanoparticle from various abundant biopolymeric waste materials, which may not be widely commercialized when the pandemic strikes recently. The possibility is wide open but needs proper collection of knowledge and research data. Thus, this article firstly reviews CF produced from various lignocellulosic or biomass feedstocks' pretreatment methods in various nanoforms or nanocomposites, also serving together with metal oxide (MeO) antimicrobial agents having certain analytical reporting. CF-MeO hybrid product can be a great option for COVID-19 antimicrobial resistant environment to be proposed considering the long-established CF and MeO laboratory investigations. Secondly, a preliminary pH investigation of 7 to 12 on zinc oxide synthesis discussing on Fouriertransform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) functional groups and scanning electron microscope (SEM) images are also presented, justifying the knowledge requirement for future stable nanocomposite formulation. In addition to that, recent precursors suitable for zinc oxide nanoparticle synthesis with emergingly prediction to serve as COVID-19 purposes via different products, aligning with CFs or nanocellulose for industrial applications are also reviewed.

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“…The unique structure of the CNF has many advantages, like is biodegradable, biocompatible, large specific surface area, high modulus elasticity, low density, and a low coefficient of thermal expansion [1][2][3][4]. Some isolation methods that are often used to obtain CNF are mechanical processes, including the high-pressure *Corresponding Author Institutional Email: jamasri@ugm.ac.id (Jamasri) homogenizer [5][6], grinding or disc refining [7], cyrocrushing [8], steam explosion [9], and high-speed blender [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Study of Polyvinyl Alcohol Nanocomposite Film Reinforced by Cellulose Nanofibers from Agave Cantala

Yudhanto

Jamasri

Rochardjo

et al. 2021

IJE

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This paper presents an experimental study of addition of cellulose nanofibers (CNF) extracted by the chemical-ultrasonication process from agave cantala leaf plants in the matrix of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). Combining these materials produce the nanocomposite film with a thickness of 30 μm. The nanocomposite characteristic was investigated by the addition of CNF (0, 2, 5, 8, and 10 wt%) in PVA suspension (3 wt.%). PVA/CNF nanocomposite films were prepared by a casting solution method. The fibrillation of fibers to CNF was analyzed using Scanning Electron Microscopy and Transmission Electron Microscopy. The nanocomposite film functional group's molecular chemical bond and structural analysis were tested using Fourier Transform Infrared and X-ray diffraction. The PVA/CNF nanocomposite film has significant advantages on the ultraviolet barrier, thermal stability tested by Differential Scanning Calorimetry and Thermogravimetric Analyzer, and tensile strength. Overall, the optimal addition of CNF is 8 wt.% in matrix, resulting in the highest crystallinity index (37.5%), the tensile strength and elongation at break was an increase of 79% and 138%, respectively. It has good absorbing ultraviolet rays (82.4%) and high thermal stability (365 o C).

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Production of cellulose nanofiber (CNF) from empty fruit bunch (EFB) via mechanical method

Cited by 80 publications

References 38 publications

Potential of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch Resources in Nanocellulose Hydrogel Production for Versatile Applications: A Review

Potential of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch Resources in Nanocellulose Hydrogel Production for Versatile Applications: A Review

Cellulosic fiber nanocomposite application review with zinc oxide antimicrobial agent nanoparticle: an opt for COVID-19 purpose

Experimental Study of Polyvinyl Alcohol Nanocomposite Film Reinforced by Cellulose Nanofibers from Agave Cantala

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