Production of carbon nanotubes

Abstract

Carbon nanostructures such as single-walled and multi-walled nanotubes (SWNTs and MWNTs) or graphitic polyhedral nanoparticles can be produced using various methods. Most of them are based on the sublimation of carbon under an inert atmosphere, such as the electric arc discharge process, the laser ablation method, or the solar technique. But chemical methods can also be used to synthesize these kinds of carbon materials: the catalytic decomposition of hydrocarbons, the production by electrolysis, the heat treatment of a polymer, the low temperature solid pyrolysis, or the in situ catalysis.

Strong reduction of exciton-phonon coupling in single-wall carbon nanotubes of high crystalline quality: Insight into broadening mechanisms and exciton localization

“…Nevertheless, the nature of the traps responsible for this exciton localization is not elucidated yet. In order to address the issue of exciton localization, we studied carbon nanotubes produced by high-temperature synthesis methods such as electric arc or laser ablation methods, which are known for their higher crystalline quality, with a lower density of defects [13][14][15][16][17].In addition to the large Coulomb interaction responsible for the huge exciton binding energy in SWNTs, many other effects -both intrinsic (exciton -phonon coupling [11,18,19] In this work, we study the low-temperature (10 K) PL emission from surfactant dispersed laser ablation carbon nanotubes (L-SWNTs) [27,28]. These nanotubes result from a high-temperature growth process and are wellknown for having a higher crystalline quality.…”

“…Nevertheless, the nature of the traps responsible for this exciton localization is not elucidated yet. In order to address the issue of exciton localization, we studied carbon nanotubes produced by high-temperature synthesis methods such as electric arc or laser ablation methods, which are known for their higher crystalline quality, with a lower density of defects [13][14][15][16][17].…”

Synthesis of Carbon Nanomaterials in a Swirled Floating Catalytic Chemical Vapour Deposition Reactor for Continuous and Large Scale Production

“…There are typically two forms of CNTs according to the number of rolled up graphene layers that form the tube (as illustrated in Figure 4), i.e., SWCNTs and MWCNTs. A SWCNT is a graphene sheet rolled-over into a cylinder with typical diameter of the order of 1.2-1.4nm in magnitude (Journet and Bernier, 1998), while a MWCNT consists of concentric cylinders with an interlayer spacing of about 0.34nm (3.4Å) and a diameter typically of the order of 10-20 nm in magnitude (Dai, 2002). (Merkoci, 2006;Liu, 2008).…”

Purification and Characterization of Carbon Nanotubes and the Formation of Magnetic Semiconductors for the Spintronic Application

“…Their discovery was in electric arcdischarge experiments for fullerene synthesis [1]. Carbon Nanotubes, CNTs, have been produced mainly by various methods involving gas solid reactions such as arc discharge, laser ablation, catalytic chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and plasma assisted deposition [3].…”