Production of carbon nanoonions and nanotubes using an intermittent arc discharge in water

Imasaka, Kiminobu; Kanatake, Yusuke; Ohshiro, Yukinori; Suehiro, Junya; Hara, Masanori

doi:10.1016/j.tsf.2005.08.024

Cited by 61 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Figures 2(a) and 2(b) are the typical TEM images of tube-like-structures and of sphere-like structures, respectively. The TEM images reveal that the soot includes both multi-walled CNTs (MW-CNTs) and polyhedral multi-shelled particles with high crystallinity, and that the MW-CNTs are much shorter than previously reported CNTs synthesized by the arc discharge method in water [10,[20][21][22][23][24][25][26]. CNT length reported by Hsin et al [10] is about 500 nm; in contrast, the MW-CNTs presented here are a few hundred nanometers in length.…”

Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 51%

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Molar Concentration Dependence of Sucrose Solution in Carbon Nanotube Synthesis by Liquid-Phase Arc Discharge

Aikawa

Kizu

Kamei

et al. 2011

e-J. Surf. Sci. Nanotechnol.

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We synthesized carbon nanotubes (CNTs) from sucrose solution, used as a carbon source, by the liquid-phase arc discharge method, which generates electric sparks between metal electrodes. The quality of the CNTs depends on the molar concentration of sucrose solution because the discharge characteristics vary with its viscosity. When a lower density solution, 0.5 mol/L in this study, was used, the G/D ratio of the generated CNTs was the highest. This result implies that discharge characteristics dependent on solution density play an important role in CNT synthesis in liquid-phase arc discharge. We also examined other saccharides (fructose, glucose, lactose, and maltose) as carbon sources. The results indicated that only sucrose molecules provide CNT precursors.

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Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 51%

“…The lower red line indicates the discharge current and the upper blue line the applied voltage between electrodes. The discharge duration time is significantly shorter (about 10 times smaller) than in the case of using graphite electrodes [26]. Voltage drop appeared with increases in the discharge current.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 74%

Molar Concentration Dependence of Sucrose Solution in Carbon Nanotube Synthesis by Liquid-Phase Arc Discharge

Aikawa

Kizu

Kamei

et al. 2011

e-J. Surf. Sci. Nanotechnol.

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“…In addition, HR-TEM image from Fig. (10D) showed that this carbon composite have the apparent morphology of carbon nano onions (white circle) [25]. Fig.…”

Section: Carbon Deposits and Morphologymentioning

confidence: 86%

Changes on Texture and Crystalline Phase of Activated Carbon-Supported Ni-Ca Catalyst During Dry Methane Reforming

Matos¹,

Rosales²,

González³

et al. 2010

TOMSJ

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Changes on texture and crystalline phase of AC-supported Ni-Ca catalyst during dry methane reforming were verified. Characterization by N 2 adsorption, XPS, XRD, TEM and HR-TEM was performed. XPS and XRD analysis suggest that the initial activity can be attributed to a nickel reduced phase formed during helium pre-treatment. TEM showed that a homogeneous distribution of Ni nanoparticles between 10-20nm at the tip of multi-walled carbon nanotubes is formed during reaction. HR-TEM showed diffusion of Ni nanoparticles and the formation of carbon-like nano onions with an interlayer separation of 0.5nm suggesting the formation of a ultra-microporous carbon structure. An increase in surface area from 231m 2 .g -1 to 2405m 2 .g -1 after 90min reaction was found and attributed to an in situ activation of carbon deposits by CO 2 gasification. The present results suggest that introducing CO 2 pulses during reaction carbon-supported Ni-Ca could be employed as potential catalysts for methane and other hydrocarbon reforming reactions at mild experimental conditions.

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“…Lange et al [8] generated onions, nanotubes and encapsulates by arc discharge in water. Recently, arc discharge in liquid has also been developed to synthesise fullerenes [7] and CNTs [9][10][11][12]. These liquid environments include liquid nitrogen [7,13], deionised water [9,10], aqueous solution LiCl, KCl and NaCl [10,11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of the solution temperature on carbon nanotube formation by arc discharge method

Kiadehi

Jahanshahi

Mozdianfard

et al. 2011

Journal of Experimental Nanoscience

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Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) represent an important group of nanomaterials with attractive geometrical, electrical and chemical properties and are synthesised using a variety of techniques. In this study, CNTs are fabricated by arc discharge in liquid with a fully automatic setup, while this system is equipped with a heat exchange system. This fully automatic setup enables the controlling of gap between the two electrodes and temperature of the media. Furthermore, this system can cool down the solution that is heated due to arc and keep the temperature of solution constant during the arc discharge. The temperature of the solution affects the synthesising and structuring of CNTs. In this study, CNTs are fabricated between two graphite electrodes, which are submerged in LiCl (0.25 N) and with a voltage of 25 V, while Ni and Mo are used as catalysts. For comparative study, CNTs are synthesised under different thermal conditions, below zero, at environment temperature and at high temperature (up to 80 C), and the results are analysed, compared and discussed. The scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy are employed to study the morphology of these carbon nanostructures. The general impact of the solution temperature upon nanoproduct structures will be discussed.

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Production of carbon nanoonions and nanotubes using an intermittent arc discharge in water

Cited by 61 publications

References 10 publications

Molar Concentration Dependence of Sucrose Solution in Carbon Nanotube Synthesis by Liquid-Phase Arc Discharge

Molar Concentration Dependence of Sucrose Solution in Carbon Nanotube Synthesis by Liquid-Phase Arc Discharge

Changes on Texture and Crystalline Phase of Activated Carbon-Supported Ni-Ca Catalyst During Dry Methane Reforming

Influence of the solution temperature on carbon nanotube formation by arc discharge method

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