Production of brown and black pigments by using flotation waste from copper slag

Abstract

One of the major problems in copper-producing countries is the treatment of the large amount of copper slag or copper flotation waste generated from copper slag which contains significant amounts of heavy metals such as Cu, Zn, Pb and Co. Dumping or disposal of such large quantities of flotation waste from copper slag causes environmental and space problems. In this study, the treatment of flotation waste from copper slag by a thermal method and its use as an iron source in the production of inorganic brown and black pigments that are used in the ceramic industry were investigated. The pigments were produced by calcining different amounts of flotation waste and chromite, Cr2O3, ZnO and CoO mixtures. The pigments obtained were added to transparent ceramic glazes and porcelainized tile bodies. Their colours were defined by L*a*b* measurements with a spectrophotometer. The results showed that flotation waste from copper slag could be used as an iron source to produce brown and black pigments in both ceramic body and glazes.

Utilization of flotation wastes of copper slag as raw material in cement production

“…However, the leachability of the heavy metals (Cu and Zn in particular) from the FWCS was significantly high (Table 6). Therefore, the FWCS can be regarded as the potential source of heavy metal contamination of soil and water resources in the surrounding area as already reported in the previous studies [7,8,19,20,21]. TCLP tests also revealed that the release of metals from the crushed mortar samples obtained from the FWCS clinker product was lower than the regulatory limits [26].…”

“…Annually about 150 000 tonnes of flotation wastes are generated and disposed of on the flood plain Yeş ilırmak River Delta where, over the years, approximately 1.5-2 million tonnes of slag have already been accumulated [7]. Recent studies have shown that the waste releases heavy metals (Cu, Zn, Co, Pb) beyond the Turkish and EPA regulatory limits and it is hence classified as hazardous material [7,8,19]. Further studies have already confirmed the heavy metal pollution of soil in the vicinity of the smelting facilities [20].…”

“…could be exploited for its potential use in the production of blended cements, abrasive tools, pavement, abrasive, concrete, cutting tools, tiles, glass, roofing granules, asphalt concrete aggregate. Although the suitability of copper slag for the production of a sintered glass-ceramic [7], brown or black inorganic pigments [8], fill materials for land reclamation [9] and unglazed floor tiles [10] was investigated, the cementitious properties and utilization of copper slag as a partial replacement for Portland cement have received the most interest with limited success [11][12][13][14][15]. Although the steel slag appears to have been recently considered in the production of Portland cement clinker [16], the use of copper slag as cement raw material e.g.…”

Evaluation of metal-ions containing sludges in the preparation of black inorganic pigments

“…In such SF formulations the amount of ZnO and silica is lower. At the same time, the copper introduced by sludge S can improve the black colour if properly combined with chromium and nickel in the spinel lattice [25][26][27].…”

Heat-Resistant Ceramic Pigments on the Base of Waste Vanadium Catalyst and Alumina

“…There has been a great interest within the ceramic industry in the development of high-stability pigments, which show intense tonality and satisfy both technological and environmental requirements [1]. While the first step in pigment production involves the judicious choice of raw materials, current trends are towards alternative and less expensive raw materials [2][3][4]. Normally, the materials of a high chemical purity are used for pigment production.…”