Production of bioherbicide by Phoma sp. in a stirred-tank bioreactor

Abstract

The objective of this work was to produce an herbicide by submerged fermentation in a stirred-tank bioreactor and to assess the potential herbicidal in pre-emergence, post-emergence, and in a detached leaves of Cucumis sativus var species. wisconsin (cucumber) and Sorghum bicolor (sorghum) species. Fermentations were carried out in a stirred-tank bioreactor with useful volume of 3L. Stirring rate (40, 50, and 60 rpm) and aeration (1, 2 and 3 vvm) were the variables studied for bioherbicide production. Fermented broth was fractioned with different solvents to identify the molecules produced by the fungus in a multi-dimensional gas chromatograph system. Bioherbicide showed 100% inhibition of germination of both species in the pre-emergence tests. From detached leaves tests were verified yellowish lesions in Cucumis sativus and necrotic lesions on leaves of Sorghum bicolor. Post-emergence test presented variation of the phytotoxicity from 25 to 66% for the species C. sativus and from 32 to 58% by S. bicolor. The metabolites produced by submerged fermentation of Phoma sp. presented activity in pre-emergence, post-emergence, and detached leaves of C. sativus and S. bicolor and it could be an alternative in the future for weed control.

Phoma macrostoma : as a broad spectrum bioherbicide for turf grass and agricultural applications.

“…inhibited Cucumis sativus (cucumber) and Sorghum bicolor (sorghum) seed germination 100% as compared with fresh media and water treatments. As observed in the detached-leaf assay, cell-free spent broth elicited yellow colouration and necrotic lesions on C. sativus and S. bicolor leaf tissue, respectively [50]. Methanol, ethanol and ethyl acetate fractionation of the cell-free spent fermentation broth from Phoma sp.…”

“…Cimmino et al [49] reported that P. chenopodiicola produced phytoxic furopyrans named chenopodolans A, B and C. Leaf samples from Sonchus oleraceus (sow thistle), P. annua (grass) and C. album (lambsquarters) revealed that chenopodolans A and C caused spreading necrosis while chenopodolan B was inactive when examined by the punctured detachedleaf assay. Brun et al [50] reported that cell-free spent fermentation broth from Phoma sp. inhibited Cucumis sativus (cucumber) and Sorghum bicolor (sorghum) seed germination 100% as compared with fresh media and water treatments.…”

“…Methanol, ethanol and ethyl acetate fractionation of the cell-free spent fermentation broth from Phoma sp. suggested that pyrrolo [1,2a] pyrazine-1,4-dione, hexahydro-3-(2-methylpropyl) may be responsible for reduced plant height [50]. Quereshi et al [51] and Razaghi and Zafari [52] reported herbicidal activity on P. hysterophorus and Convolvulus arvensis (bind weed) from cell-free spent medium of Phoma sp.…”

Potential of Colletotrichum typhae H.C Greene mycoherbicide for bio-control of Southern cattail (Typha domingensis Pers.) plants

“…This means that biological control is set up based on application of fungal spores in concentrations that do not occur in nature. This is the most common strategy to apply mycoherbicides based on these pathogens (Brun et al, 2016). Several studies indicate that fungi of the genus Colletotrichum receive attention as potential mycoherbicides, since they have enzymes that degrade the plant cell walls, suggesting that some of these proteins may have specific roles in plant infection.…”

Solid-state fermentation for production of a bioherbicide from Diaporthe sp. and its formulation to enhance the efficacy

“…The low number of registered and commercialized products may be related to the international barriers to introduce living organisms in foreign countries (Chutia et al 2007). One alternative is the production of herbicidal compounds by fermentation, extraction from the fermented broth, and use of this compound in a more stable formulation (Brun et al 2016). This strategy will not be limited on the continued survival of a given & Marcio A. Mazutti mazutti@ufsm.br organism in an uncontrolled environment (Harding and Raizada 2015).…”