Production of biofuels from microalgae

Sing, Sophie Fon; Isdepsky, Andreas; Borowitzka, Michael A.; Moheimani, Navid R.

doi:10.1007/s11027-011-9294-x

Cited by 143 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 146 publications

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“…can be used for biogas production. Production begins with accumulation of lipid-rich algal biomass and is followed by harvesting, dewatering, lipids/sugar extraction and conversion, and additional processing of biomass for valuable co-products (Sing et al 2013). Flocculation and subsequent flotation are commonly used for harvesting microalgae for biofuels because this technique can handle the diversity in shape, size, specific weight, and surface charge of various microalgae cells.…”

Section: Biofuelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cells can be mechanically pressed for access to lipid precursors of biodiesel or bio-oil or enzymatically hydrolyzed for access to fermentable sugars for bioethanol. Lipids are extracted with conventional solvents, green solvents, subcritical water, supercritical CO 2 , or co-solvent mixtures (ionic liquids/polar covalent molecules) (Sing et al 2013). Lipids are converted to biodiesel via transesterification, pyrolysis, or hydrogenation.…”

Section: Biofuelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Green microalgae biomolecule separations and recovery

Dixon

Wilken

2018

Bioresour. Bioprocess.

110

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Microalgae biomass has garnered significant attention as a renewable energy feedstock and alternative to petroleumbased fuels. The diverse metabolism of green microalgae species additionally provides opportunities for recovery of products for feed, food, nutraceutical, cosmetic, and biopharmaceutical industries. Recently, the concept of using microalgae as part of a biorefinery model has been adopted in place of refinery methods focused on recovering one target product. This has led to producers exploring co-production of high value and high volume products in an effort to improve process economics. With numerous potential products and applications, the biomass source or specific strain must be carefully selected to accumulate extractable levels of the target molecule(s). It is additionally imperative to understand the morphology and metabolism of the selected strain to cost-effectively manage all stages of commercial production. This review will focus specifically on microalgae in the division of Chlorophyta, or green algae and their extracellular matrices (ECM), potential for commercial products, and finally describe a holistic approach for biomolecule extraction and recovery. Additionally, cell disruption and fractionation methods for recovery of biomolecules for commercial products are highlighted along with an alternative method, aqueous enzymatic processing for multiple biomolecule extraction and recovery from green microalgae. An emphasis is placed on connecting the morphological characteristics of microalgae ECM or organelle membranes to implications on separation and purification technologies.

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Section: Biofuelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Biofuelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Green microalgae biomolecule separations and recovery

Dixon

Wilken

2018

Bioresour. Bioprocess.

110

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“…), co-located industrial facilities, and downstream applications and markets (Borowitzka 1999;Kunjapur and Eldridge 2010;McHenry 2010McHenry , 2013. Because the concentration of microalgae in open pond systems is so low [usually between 0.5 and 2 g/L (Fon Sing et al 2011)], dewatering and harvesting/processing will heavily influence the evolution of upstream microalgae production, strain selection, water/nutrient recycling technology, and other processes ). Primary dewatering is typically achieved through flocculation, followed by separation from the water via settling or floatation .…”

Section: Microalgae Flocculation and Dewateringmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Microalgae achieve a much higher biomass productivity when compared to conventional terrestrial biofuel crops (Fon Sing et al 2011), although several issues that must be resolved include developing cost-effective dewatering and processing technologies, and the associated commercial and environmental challenges (Griffiths and Harrison 2009; Moheimani et al 2011;Vasudevan and Briggs 2008). Cost-effective and energy-efficient dewatering of microalgae, nutrient recycling, and control of effluent wastewater are becoming major challenges to microalgae producers (Borowitzka and Moheimani 2010;Charcosset 2009;Clarens et al 2010;Wyman and Goodman 1993;Xiong et al 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Industrial-scale Microalgae Pond Primary Dewatering Chemistry for Energy-efficient Autoflocculation

Brady

McHenry

Cuello

et al. 2015

Biofuel and Biorefinery Technologies

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Industrial-scale microalgae production will likely require large energyintensive technologies for both culture and biomass recovery; energy-efficient and cost-effective microalgae dewatering and water management are major challenges. Primary dewatering is typically achieved through flocculation followed by separation via settling or flotation. Flocculants are relatively expensive, and their presence can limit the reuse of de-oiled flocculated microalgae. Natural flocculation of microalgae-autoflocculation-occurs in response to changes in pH and water hardness and, if controlled, might lead to less-expensive "flocculant-free" dewatering. A better understanding of autoflocculation should also prompt higher yields by preventing unwanted autoflocculation. Autoflocculation is driven by doublelayer coordination between microalgae, Ca +2 and Mg +2 , and/or mineral surface precipitates of calcite, Mg(OH) 2 , and hydroxyapatite that form primarily at pH > 8. Combining surface complexation models that describe the interface of microalgae: water, calcite:water, Mg(OH) 2 :water, and hydroxyapatite:water allows optimal autoflocculation conditions-for example pH, Mg, Ca, and P levels-to be identified for a given culture medium.

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“…At the end of the cultivation process, microalgae biomass needs to be separated from the culture. Microalgae are tiny little cells usually in the range of 2-30 lm (Fon Sing et al, 2011). Production of high density microalgae biomass is often observed in small scale cultivation, especially in photo-bioreactors with short optical depth.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%