Production of Biofuel by Hydrocracking of Cerbera Manghas Oil Using Co-Ni/HZSM-5 Catalyst : Effect of Reaction Temperature

Abstract

This research aims to investigate the effect of various reaction temperatures on the hydrocracking of Cerbera manghas oil to produce biofuel as a paraffin-rich mixture of hydrocarbons with Co-Ni/HZSM-5 catalyst. Co-Ni/HZSM-5 catalyst was prepared by incipient wetness impregnation. The catalyst was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), N 2 physisorption according to the Brunauer-Emmet-Teller (BET) method, and atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS). The hydrocracking reaction was carried out in a pressure batch reactor, reaction temperatures of 300-375 o C for 2 hours, reactor pressure of 15 bar after flowing H 2 for at least 1 hour, and a catalyst/oil ratio of 1 g/200 ml. The hydrocarbon composition was determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). With the Co(0.88%)-Ni(3.92%)/HZSM-5 catalyst, the highest yield for gasoil was 46.45% at temperature of 350 o C. At this reaction temperature condition, the main abundant hydrocarbon compounds in gasoil-like hydrocarbon were n-paraffin, i.e. pentadecane of 20.06 area% and heptadecane of 14.13 area%. Biofuels produced showed that abundant hydrocarbon compounds were different at different reaction temperatures. Iso-paraffin with low freezing point and good flow property were not found in gasoil-like hydrocarbon. Isomerization depends on reaction condition and type of catalyst.

Co-Ni/HZSM-5 Catalyst for Hydrocracking of Sunan Candlenut Oil (Reutealis trisperma (Blanco) Airy Shaw) for Production of Biofuel

“…Marlinda et al reported that n-C 15 and n-C 17 were the main abundant hydrocarbon compounds in biofuel produced through hydrocracking on Cerbera manghas oil at temperature of 350 o C and pressure of 15 bar for 2 h with Co(0.88)-Ni(3.92)/HZSM-5 catalyst. Decarboxylation/decarbonylation was proceed well because carboxylic acids of 2.33 area% were found [6]. As reported by Savitri et al, hydrocracking on Calophyllum inophyllum oil with NiMo/H-Zeolite catalyst, at temperature of 350 o C and pressure of 60 bar for 2 h produced n-paraffin of 90.89 area% in the range of C 10 -C 19 .…”

Formation of hydrocarbon compounds during the hydrocracking of non-edible vegetable oils with cobalt-nickel supported on hierarchical HZSM-5 catalyst

“…It can be said that degree of saturation of vegetable oil and reaction temperature also effected the hydrocarbon product distribution. As reported by previous study [7], [12], olefin content decreased with the increasing reaction temperature. While, the normal paraffins were produced via decarboxylation and/or decarbonylation with elimination of oxygen atoms as CO 2 , CO and H 2 O.…”

“…The abundant carboxylic acids in liquid product from hydrocracking of cerbera manghas oil showed that the HZSM-5 catalyst without hierarchical pore structure less increased the conversion level of carboxylic acid to hydrocarbon compounds. In the previous report [7], [8], a high n-paraffin content in liquid product was reached for hydrocracking of cerbera manghas oil. According to Da Rocha Filho et al [4], fatty acid composition of oil was significant factor on the formation of n-paraffin.…”

“…In addition, palmitic acid as saturated fatty acids was found in around 3.67 -20.3 area%. While, cerbera manghas oil contained mono-unsaturated fatty acid [7].…”

“…Chen et al [6] produced C5-C18 of liquid paraffins from catalytic hydroprocessing of FAMEs using Ni/HZSM-5 catalyst. According to Marlinda et al [7], when hydrocracking of Cerbera manghas oil with Co-Ni/HZSM-5 was applied at temperatur of 350 o C, a small alkylbenzenes were found such as n-pentylbenzene and hexylbenzene and cycloparaffins were detected in form of nnonylcyclohexane and isobutylcyclopentane. A more high n-paraffins were produced at this reaction condition.…”