Production of biodiesel from the novel non-edible seed of Chrysobalanus icaco using natural heterogeneous catalyst: Modeling and prediction using Artificial Neural Network

A Review on Biodiesel Production, Analysis, and Emission Characteristics from Non‐Edible Feedstocks

“…The resulting mixture can be used directly as a fuel. Greenhouse gas emissions can be decreased and diesel engine performance enhanced by the usage of biodiesel blends [125] . The mix can contain as little as 0 % biodiesel (B0) to as much as 20 % biodiesel (B20), with the latter being the most prevalent.…”

“…Greenhouse gas emissions can be decreased and diesel engine performance enhanced by the usage of biodiesel blends. [125] The mix can contain as little as 0 % biodiesel (B0) to as much as 20 % biodiesel (B20), with the latter being the most prevalent. Blending biodiesel from non-edible oils is a straightforward process that doesn't necessitate any unusual chemicals or elaborate equipment.…”

Deep eutectic solvents for catalytic biodiesel production from liquid biomass and upgrading of solid biomass into 5-hydroxymethylfurfural

“…20,21 Furthermore, the important higher flash point of biodiesel makes it more easily transported and stored. 22,23 On the other hand, HMF, an important biomassbased furan derivative that can be conveniently synthesized from solid biomass such as carbohydrates, 24 has been identified as a key precursor for the production of high-value chemicals and biofuels. 25 Moreover, HMF is also considered "a building-block molecule", 26 which can be further transformed through a range of controllable reactions into various valuable derivatives, including potential biofuels such as 2,5-dimethylfuran (DMF), 5-ethoxymethylfurfural (EMF) etc.…”

A Comparative Study of Transesterification of <i>Hydnocapus weightiana</i> Seed Oil Using Calcined and Acid Activated Natural Heterogeneous Catalyst and Its Kinetic Study

“…Alternative energy is renewable [1] [2]. However, the pump price of biodiesel is still very high due mainly to the high cost of the production of the commodity which is influenced by the feedstock and the homogeneous nature of catalyst used [3].…”

“…In addition, high catalyst loading, high temperature, and long reaction time are required to employ this type of catalyst [19] Biodiesel can be produced from different feedstocks ranging from vegetable oil, animal fats, waste cooking oil and algae However, the use of edible vegetable oils as biodiesel feedstock has been of concern as its requirement is increasing, competing with the food supply and pump price is also increasing. Prime importance is given to non-conventional seed oils as they will not cause a food/fuel crisis [2]. Also to natural catalyst from Pila globosa sea snail shell.…”