Production of biodiesel from tannery waste using a stable and recyclable nano-catalyst: An optimization and kinetic study

Transesterification reaction for biodiesel production from soybean oil using Ni 0. 5 Zn 0 . 5 Fe 2 O 4 nanomagnetic catalyst: Kinetic study

“…Lower molar ratio decreased the velocity of reaction kinetic as well as biodiesel yield while a higher molar ratio of 9:1 needed shorter reaction time to achieve a good yield. Similar findings were reported by researchers 38 . The aforementioned studies were done by Dantas et al 43 which showed that the biodiesel yield was not effective when too much molar ratio methanol/oil of 1:12 and 1:20.…”

“…This is due to the reduction of soybean oil viscosity and an enhanced in miscibility with alcohol caused by increase in temperature. This also improves the contact of oil with alcohol and catalyst 38 . The best yield of biodiesel of 87.3% was achieved at 180°C.…”

“…In this work, the influence of reverse reaction and methanol concentration was negligible 32,36,37 . The kinetic of transesterification reaction follows the pseudo‐first‐order as is shown by Equation ) 38 …”

Alternative uses for tannery wastes: a review of environmental, sustainability, and science

“…A promising alternative, because also, its number of cetane or cetanage is higher than in fuels from oil, resulting in better combustion [56]. However, its cloud point is considered high, which at lower temperatures, can cause an increase in NOx emissions, in addition to possible solidification of biodiesel, since the fluid does not flow more freely [18,57].…”

“…In this context, to reconcile science, technology, and sustainability, applications beyond landfill disposal have been studied, aiming an alternative use of tannery wastes, in addition to reducing the impact of the production process [11][12][13][14][15][16][17]. The wastes from the production of leather have also been used in the production of biodiesel [18][19][20], biogas [21][22][23], biopolymers [24][25][26], adsorbent materials [27][28][29], agriculture applications [30][31][32], and others.…”