Production of biodiesel and analysis of exhaust particulate emissions and metal concentration of lubricant oil of the compression ignition engine

Abstract

In this research, biodiesel fuel is produced using potassium hydroxide (KOH) as a catalyst and methanol as a co-solvent through the transesterification process. The analysis of particulate matter emissions from a compression ignition (CI) engine with pure diesel fuel (D100), biodiesel-mixed (B30), and clove oil (CL3000 ppm) was carried out. The findings obtained revealed 5.27% reduction of particulate matter in biodiesel-blended fuel, and furthermore, when clove was added to the biodiesel-blended fuel, 11.61% reduction of particulate matter was observed as compared to pure diesel. It may be due to the higher oxygen ratio present in clove oil. The engine was run for 100 h on each fuel sample, and the data were taken and tested per 25 h for elemental analysis. The results manifest that the metal concentration found different elements in lubricant oil, i.e., lead (51.84), (24.89%), and (23.255%); copper (47.41%), (28.71%), and (23.86%); nickel (37.88%), (32.32), and (29.78%); and cadmium (46.12), (29.87%), and (24.01%) in diesel, biodiesel-blended fuel, and biodiesel blended with clove oil, respectively. This study found better results for engine life, which shows the lower metal concentration in biodiesel-blended fuel and clove oil than diesel. Furthermore, the fuels investigated in this research can reduce the wear of engine parts because biodiesel and clove oil contain a high oxygen ratio. Moreover, it has been found that biodiesel and clove oil as an antioxidant have a positive impact on noise emission levels for the CI engine.

Analysis of metal concentration, performance and noise emissions of the CI engine

“…fuel D100. This decline is attributed to the enhanced lubricating properties inherent in biodiesel blends (Bhangwar et al, 2022a).…”

Investigation of the effect of antioxidant on carbon deposition of compression ignition engine for carbon emissions reduction

“…The vapor is then condensed, yielding a mixture of clove oil and water. Since clove oil is less dense than water, it can be separated easily by decantation or using a separating funnel [38][39][40][41]. The aim of this study is to enhance engine performance, increase engine life, and reduce pollution The objective is to analyze carbon deposition and the performance of compression ignition engines using biodiesel and clove oil as additives.…”

An Experimental Investigation of the Effects of Diesel-Ethanol Blends on the Noise and Vibrations of a Diesel Engine

“…In [21], the emissions, performance, and sound pressure levels of diesel and biodiesel blends of cooking oil waste were examined, indicating that the biodiesel blends reduced particle emissions by 7.29%, the fuel consumption of brake-specific biodiesel blend decreased as brake power increased, brake thermal efficiency increased with brake power, while the blend B25 produced less noise than pure diesel. In [22], potassium hydroxide was used as a catalyst and methanol as a co-solvent through the transesterification process. The particulate matter emissions were analyzed on a CI engine with pure diesel fuel, biodiesel-mixed, and clove oil.…”