Production of Bacteriocins in a Liquid Medium by
            <i>Streptococcus mutans</i>

Delisle, Allan L.

doi:10.1128/aac.8.6.707

Cited by 30 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…The viridicin production could not be increased by UV irradiation or treatment with mitomycin C. This agrees with the results obtained for other bacteriocins of gram-positive bacteria (3,6,9,12).…”

supporting

confidence: 81%

Purification of the viridicin produced by Aerococcus viridans

Ballester¹,

Ballester²,

Bélaı̈ch³

1980

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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A new bacteriocin produced by Aerococcus viridans was purified. Bacteria grown on liquid medium synthesized a bacteriocin, viridicin, which can be extracted from the cells by treatment with 0.86 M NaCl solution. Viridicin production was not induced by ultraviolet irradiation or by treatment with mitomycin C. The bacteriocin was purified by ultrafiltration, gel filtration, and preparative polyacrylamide disc gel electrophoresis. The molecular weight was between 100,000 and 120,000. The purified viridicin was homogeneous on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The viridicin was composed of protein, carbohydrate, and lipid.Bacteriocins are high-molecular-weight bactericidal substances which are synthesized by many bacteria. The specificity of their action and their nature distinguish them from most of the classical antibiotics. It has been well established over the years that various strains of most species of bacteria produce these inhibitory substances (8, 14, 22, 23).Intensive work has been done on the bacteriocins of gram-negative bacteria, the best studied of which are the colicins (8,19,20).A recent review reported the physiochemical properties of some gram-positive bacterial bacteriocins (23).The bacteriocins produced by the gram-positive species are less well known than those of gram-negative species, and many concepts drawn from studies on colicins are not consistent with results obtained with the gram-positive organisms.Recently, we showed that the gram-positive bacterium Aerococcus viridans synthesizes a bacteriocin that we have called viridicin (1).A crude preparation of this macromolecule was not inactived by heating for 1 hour at 50°C and was sensitive to the action of protease, lipase, and catalase. Bacteriocin activity was not suppressed by trypsin, chymotrypsin, lysozyme, a-amylase, phospholipase C, lipase, f-glucuronidase, deoxyribonuclease, and ribonuclease. Growth of a large number of gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria was inhibited by viridicin.MATERIALS AND METHODS Microorganisms. The viridicin-producing strain A. viridans was isolated at

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supporting

confidence: 81%

Purification of the viridicin produced by Aerococcus viridans

Ballester¹,

Ballester²,

Bélaı̈ch³

1980

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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“…Acnecin could not be detected in the culture supernatant, even if it was concentrated up to 10-fold, and attempts to liberate bacteriocins from the cell surface with high concentrations of salt (8,11) were not effective. Therefore, acnecin probably occurs intracellularly, although the possibility that acnecin could be liberated from the cell surface by mechanical treatment such as the ultrasonication employed here, similar to the case of the bacteriocin of S. mutans (6,21), cannot be excluded.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Above all, the bacteriocins of Streptococcus mutans (6,10,15,16,(21)(22)(23)35) have attracted much interest because of this strain's possible role in formation of dental caries. Other oral streptococci, such as S. sanguis (2,12,(25)(26)(27) and S. mitis (15), have also been examined for the production and properties of their bacteriocins with respect to establishing and maintaining the predominant microbial flora in the oral cavity.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Purification and Properties of a Bacteriocin-Like Substance (Acnecin) of Oral Propionibacterium acnes

Fujimura

Nakamura

1978

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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Propionibacterium acnes CN-8, isolated from human dental plaque, was grown in a liquid medium, and its bacteriocin-like substance (acnecin) was extracted from the cells by ultrasonic treatment. Acnecin was purified to a homogeneous state with recovery of 47%. Specific activity increased 72-fold in comparison with the crude extract. The properties of acnecin were as follows. (i) Acnecin may consist of five subunits with a molecular weight of about 12,000. (ii) Its isoelectric point was 5.5. (iii) In amino acid composition, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, glycine, and alanine were predominant, whereas cystine was not present. (iv) Acnecin contained 3.3% carbohydrate but was substantially free from lipid. (v) The activity was lost by heating at 60°C or by protease and lysozyme treatments. Acnecin acted bacteriostatically on the indicator strain without killing it. The action spectrum of acnecin was very narrow; it was effective only against strains of nonacnecin-producing P. acnes and Corynebacterium parvum, a species closely related to P. acnes.

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“…Inhibition of self by mutans streptococci [7,39,44] and by other streptococci [45] has been reported elsewhere. Delisle [46] reported that bacteriocin production by S. rattus strain BHT in APT-yeast broth occurred after the culture entered stationary growth phase and suggested that bacteriocin synthesis may be lethal to the producer cell.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Different bacteriocin activities of Streptococcus mutans reflect distinct phylogenetic lineages

Balakrishnan

Simmonds

Kilian

et al. 2002

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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Bacteriocins produced by mutans streptococci are known as mutacins. In this study 16 broadly active mutacin-producing Streptococcus mutans strains from New Zealand, North America and Europe were classified into four groups (A-D) on the basis of differences in their activity in deferred antagonism tests against either the homologous producer strain (to test for presence of self-immunity) or indicator strains Staphylococcus aureus 46 and Enterococcus faecium TE1. Two of the strains included in the study (UA140 and UA96) were representatives of the group I and II mutacin producer strains previously described by Caufield and co-workers. One of the New Zealand isolates of group A (S. mutans strain N) appeared to produce inhibitory activity similar to that of the group I prototype strain UA140. Four other New Zealand isolates of group B (S. mutans strains M19, M34, B34 and D14) had mutacin II-like activity. The group B mutacin producers differed from the group A mutacin producers in their additional activity against Staph. aureus 46. Seven S. mutans strains (M46, B46, B57, M12, M28, B28 and 13M) were distinguished from the group A and group B mutacin producers in that they inhibited E. faecium TE1. These were called group C mutacin producers. Strains H7 and H23 resembled the group C strains in their action on both indicator strains TE1 and 46. However, these two strains failed to exhibit immunity to their own inhibitory products in the deferred antagonism test and were separately classified as group D mutacin producers. Phylogenetic analysis of the strains by several genotypic and phenotypic characteristics revealed that the mutacin groups were associated with distinct evolutionary lineages of S. mutans.

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Production of Bacteriocins in a Liquid Medium by Streptococcus mutans

Cited by 30 publications

References 16 publications

Purification of the viridicin produced by Aerococcus viridans

Purification of the viridicin produced by Aerococcus viridans

Purification and Properties of a Bacteriocin-Like Substance (Acnecin) of Oral Propionibacterium acnes

Different bacteriocin activities of Streptococcus mutans reflect distinct phylogenetic lineages

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