Production of bacterial cellulose using Gluconacetobacter kombuchae immobilized on Luffa aegyptiaca support

Abstract

The present work report for the first time on the production of bacterial cellulose (BC) using natural loofa sponge (Luffa aegyptiaca) as a scaffold for the immobilization of Gluconacetobacter kombuchae. Bacterial cellulose (BC) are recently gained more attention in several fields including biological and biomedical applications due to their outstanding physico-chemical characteristics including high thermal stability, easy biodegradability, good water holding capacity, high tensile strength, and high degree of polymerization. The increase in requirement of alternative method for the enhancement of BC production under economical aspect develops a positive impact in large scale industries. In this study, Luffa aegyptiaca (LA) was introduced in a separate fermentation medium so as to enhance the concentration of BC production by Gluconacetobacter kombuchae. Different process/medium parameters such as initial pH, static/shaking condition, inoculum size, nitrogen source, C/N ratio, supplements (ethanol and acetic acid) were analysed for the production of bacterial cellulose using LA support. The maximum yield of BC was obtained using following condition: culturing condition -shaking; initial pH − 5.5; nitrogen source- yeast extract, C/N ratio – 40 and supplement—ethanol. The characterization of the BC was examined using Fourier Transform Infra-Red spectroscopy and thermo gravimetric analysis. The biofilm formation on the surface of LA was examined by SEM photographs. Thus, implementation of LA as a support in shaking fermentation under suitable medium/process variables enhanced the BC production.

Recent advances in bacterial cellulose: a low-cost effective production media, optimization strategies and applications

“…The relatively high production cost of the BC represents one of the major challenges facing its commercial implementation (Aswini et al 2020;Fernandes et al 2020). About 30% of BC production cost is attributed to the growth medium and cultivation conditions (Fernandes et al 2020), therefore, besides mining for new superior BC producing organisms, reducing the production cost and time represent a step ahead for wide commercial applications (Fernandes et al 2020;Jozala et al 2015;Rahman et al 2021).…”

“…Both belong to the response surface methodology (RSM) proposed by (Box and Behnken 1960), where the optimization results could be analyzed through surface plots (2 or 3 dimensional) representing the change in the response (Y), according to the applied parameters (X). The optimization designs rely upon polynomial quadratic models, where the nature of variable interactions and the implication of these on the process yield can also be elucidated (Rahman et al 2021;Yousef et al 2021). For any two studied variables, the quadratic polynomial model represents a second-order reaction as:…”

“…Different carbon sources and cultivation media have been screened and reported, however, Hestrin-Schramm (HS) medium remains the most commonly used for BC production (Lu et al 2020). The high production cost attributed to the medium (30% of the total cost) represents a major challenge for fulfilling the commercial manufacturing requirements (Fernandes et al 2020;Rahman et al 2021). In recent decades, the implementation of the agro/ industrial wastes for sustainable BC production represent a promising cost-effective alternative for the current applied media (Raiszadeh et al 2020;Saleh et al 2021).…”

“…Controlling and optimizing the production conditions and media also improves the yield and reduces production costs (Rahman et al 2021). The one-variable at a time (OVAT) approach is the most applied strategy for BC production optimization (Alemam et al 2021;Bera et al 2021).…”

A turning point in the bacterial nanocellulose production employing low doses of gamma radiation

“…Several genera were reported to synthesize BNC, including Komagataeibacter, Agrobacterium, Aerobacterium, Rhizobium, Salmonella, Sarcina, Azotobacter, and Achromobacter, etc., though the production yield varies greatly 7 . However, representatives of the genus Komagataeibacter (previously known as Acetobacter ) were recognized to be the most efficient BNC producers, with Komagataeibacter xylinus serving as the role model bacterial strain for BNC production 8 .…”