Production of Antibacterial Activity and Bone Cell Proliferation by Surface Engineering of Ga‐ or Mn‐Doped Ceria‐Coated Biomedical Titanium Alloy

Abstract

The present work reports a detailed interpretation of the role of Ga and Mn dopants, solid solubility mechanisms, charge compensation mechanisms, intervalence charge transfer, antibacterial performance, and cell attachment and proliferation. Sol–gel undoped and doped (1, 5, and 9 mol%) CeO2 films are spin‐coated on 3D printed Ti6Al4V biomedical alloy substrates and annealed at 650 °C for 2 h in air. Material characterization includes scanning electron microscopy (SEM), 3D scanning laser confocal microscopy, glancing angle X‐ray diffraction (GAXRD), and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). In vitro testing includes inhibition of bacterial growth, simulated body fluid (SBF) testing, and cell attachment and proliferation studies. The most significant outcome is that the bioactivity of ceria derives directly from the Ce3+ concentration, which itself results from solid solubility (substitutional and interstitial) and charge compensation and redox. This challenges the common assumption of the dominance of oxygen vacancies in the performance of ceria. The antibacterial activity is dependent on the type, amount, and valence of the dopant, where opposite trends are observed for gram‐positive Staphylococcus aureus and gram‐negative Escherichia coli bacteria. All of the doped samples result in enhanced cell proliferation, although this is greatest at the lowest dopant concentration. Surface hydroxyapatite formation on the samples is achieved by soaking in SBF at 2 weeks and 1 month.

Gallium-Based Liquid Metal Materials for Antimicrobial Applications

“…Titanium alloy is a metallic biomaterial commonly used in orthopedic treatment [ 1 , 128 , 129 ], which also frequently causes infections due to the biofilm formation on its surface. As a metallic material, Ga can be combined with titanium alloy and has the potential to inhibit the development of biofilm matrix [ 130 ].…”

Study on seawater corrosion resistance of copper alloy

“…Copper and copper alloys have different corrosion rates in different seawater environments; they depend on different factors, including the concentration of seawater, the temperature of the seawater around the copper alloy, the rate of the IOP Publishing doi:10.1088/1742-6596/2783/1/012060 2 seawater flowing through the surface, the degree of contamination, the type of copper alloys, and the ability to prevent biological defacing [4] . However, with the increase of the exposure time of copper alloy matrix in seawater, the anti-fouling ability of copper alloy will also be reduced [5] . If the cathodic protection with a sacrificial anode is used to interrupt the corrosion of copper alloy by seawater, the related biological contamination of copper alloy will be caused [6] .…”

Unveiling the mechanisms behind surface degradation of dental resin composites in simulated oral environments

“…Developing novel biomaterials for healthcare applications has always been at the forefront of biomedical research. [1][2][3][4] Among these biomaterials, dental resin composites have assumed a significant role for the restoration of decayed or lost tooth structure in order to facilitate human functions. [5][6][7] These composites have been designed to ensure material longevity and capability to function in the complex human oral environment where constant variations in pH and high/cyclic mechanical forces from mastication are prevalent factors.…”