Production of aerosol containing ice nucleating particles (INPs) by fast growing phytoplankton

Thornton, Daniel C. O.; Brooks, Sarah D.; Wilbourn, Elise Katherine; Mirrielees, Jessica A.; Alsante, Alyssa; Gold-Bouchot, Gerardo; Whitesell, Andrew; McFadden, Kiana Kiana

doi:10.5194/acp-2022-806

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 54 publications

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“…For example, Wilson et al (2015) found that the biogenic organic materials within the sea surface microlayer could induce droplet freezing in the immersion mode, with a broad freezing-temperature range of −7.0 to −35.0 °C. Laboratory experiments have further revealed that aerosols generated by phytoplankton are particularly effective at triggering ice nucleation at temperatures below −15.0 °C, with a notable increase in INP concentration within the range of −15.0 to −23.0 °C, which was related to the unique dynamic processes of phytoplankton bloom and growth (Brooks and Thornton, 2018;McCluskey et al, 2017;Thornton et al, 2023;Wilbourn et al, 2020). Our study detected the high concentrations of bio-INPs in the LTR originating from the Japan Sea (Fig.…”

Section: Transport Pathways Of Inpsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement report: Atmospheric ice nuclei in the Changbai Mountains (2623 m a.s.l.) in northeastern Asia

Sun,

Zhu,

et al. 2024

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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Abstract. Atmospheric ice nucleation plays an important role in modulating the global hydrological cycle and atmospheric radiation balance. To date, few comprehensive field observations of ice nuclei have been carried out at high-altitude sites, which are close to the height of mixed-phase cloud formation. In this study, we measured the concentration of ice-nucleating particles (INPs) in the immersion freezing mode at the summit of the Changbai Mountains (2623 m above sea level), northeast Asia, in summer 2021. The cumulative number concentration of INPs varied from 1.6 × 10−3 to 78.3 L−1 over the temperature range of −5.5 to −29.0 °C. Proteinaceous-based biological materials accounted for the majority of INPs, with the proportion of biological INPs (bio-INPs) exceeding 67 % across the entire freezing-temperature range, with this proportion even exceeding 90 % above −13.0 °C. At freezing temperatures ranging from −11.0 to −8.0 °C, bio-INPs were found to significantly correlate with wind speed (r = 0.5–0.8, p < 0.05) and Ca2+ (r = 0.6–0.9), and good but not significant correlation was found with isoprene (r = 0.6–0.7) and its oxidation products (isoprene × O3) (r = 0.7), suggesting that biological aerosols may attach to or mix with soil dust and contribute to INPs. During the daytime, bio-INPs showed a positive correlation with the planetary boundary layer (PBL) height at freezing temperatures ranging from −22.0 to −19.5 °C (r > 0.7, p < 0.05), with the valley breezes from southern mountainous regions also influencing the concentration of INPs. Moreover, the long-distance transport of air mass from the Japan Sea and South Korea significantly contributed to the high concentrations of bio-INPs. Our study emphasizes the important role of biological sources of INPs in the high-altitude atmosphere of northeastern Asia and the significant contribution of long-range transport to the INP concentrations in this region.

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Section: Transport Pathways Of Inpsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement report: Atmospheric ice nuclei in the Changbai Mountains (2623 m a.s.l.) in northeastern Asia

Sun,

Zhu,

et al. 2024

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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Production of ice-nucleating particles (INPs) by fast-growing phytoplankton

Thornton,

Brooks,

Wilbourn

et al. 2023

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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Abstract. Sea spray aerosol contains ice-nucleating particles (INPs), which affect the formation and properties of clouds. Here, we show that aerosols emitted from fast-growing marine phytoplankton produce effective immersion INPs, which nucleate at temperatures significantly warmer than the atmospheric homogeneous freezing (−38.0 ∘C) of pure water. Aerosol sampled over phytoplankton cultures grown in a Marine Aerosol Reference Tank (MART) induced nucleation and freezing at temperatures as high as −15.0 ∘C during exponential phytoplankton growth. This was observed in monospecific cultures representative of two major groups of phytoplankton, namely a cyanobacterium (Synechococcus elongatus) and a diatom (Thalassiosira weissflogii). Ice nucleation occurred at colder temperatures (−28.5 ∘C and below), which were not different from the freezing temperatures of procedural blanks, when the cultures were in the stationary or death phases of growth. Ice nucleation at warmer temperatures was associated with relatively high values of the maximum quantum yield of photosystem II (ΦPSII), an indicator of the physiological status of phytoplankton. High values of ΦPSII indicate the presence of cells with efficient photochemistry and greater potential for photosynthesis. For comparison, field measurements in the North Atlantic Ocean showed that high net growth rates of natural phytoplankton assemblages were associated with marine aerosol that acted as effective immersion INPs at relatively warm temperatures. Data were collected over 4 d at a sampling station maintained in the same water mass as the water column stabilized after deep mixing by a storm. Phytoplankton biomass and net phytoplankton growth rate (0.56 d−1) were greatest over the 24 h preceding the warmest mean ice nucleation temperature (−25.5 ∘C). Collectively, our laboratory and field observations indicate that phytoplankton physiological status is a useful predictor of effective INPs and more reliable than biomass or taxonomic affiliation. Ocean regions associated with fast phytoplankton growth, such as the North Atlantic during the annual spring bloom, may be significant sources of atmospheric INPs.

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Measurement report: Atmospheric Ice Nuclei at Changbai Mountain (2623 m a.s.l.) in Northeastern Asia

Sun

Zhu

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Abstract. Atmospheric ice nucleation plays an important role in modifying the global hydrological cycle and atmospheric radiation balance. To date, few comprehensive field observations of ice nuclei have been carried out at high-altitude sites, which is close to the height of mixed-phase cloud formation. In this study, we measured the concentrations of ice-nucleating particles (INPs) in the immersion freezing mode at the summit of Changbai Mountain (2623 m above sea level), Northeast Asia, in summer 2021. The cumulative number concentration of INPs varied from 3.8 × 10−3 L−1 to 2.3 L−1 over the temperature range from −20.5 °C to −5.5 °C. Proteinaceous-based biological materials accounted for the majority of INPs, with the proportion of biological INPs (bio-INPs) exceeding 75 % across the entire freezing temperature range, with this proportion even exceeding 90 % above −13.0 °C. At freezing temperatures ranging from −11 °C to −8 °C, bio-INPs were found to significantly correlate with wind speed and Ca2+, and weakly correlate with isoprene and its oxidation products (isoprene × O3), suggesting that biological aerosols may attach to soil dust surfaces and contribute to INPs. During the daytime, bio-INPs showed a positive correlation with the planetary boundary layer height, with the valley breezes from southwestern mountainous regions also influencing the concentration of INPs. Moreover, the long-distance transport of air mass from the Japan Sea and South Korea significantly contributed to the high concentrations of bio-INPs. Our study emphasizes the important role of biological sources of INPs in the high-altitude atmosphere of northeastern Asia, as well as the significant contribution of long-range transport to the INPs concentrations in this region.

show abstract

Production of aerosol containing ice nucleating particles (INPs) by fast growing phytoplankton

Cited by 3 publications

References 54 publications

Measurement report: Atmospheric ice nuclei in the Changbai Mountains (2623 m a.s.l.) in northeastern Asia

Measurement report: Atmospheric ice nuclei in the Changbai Mountains (2623 m a.s.l.) in northeastern Asia

Production of ice-nucleating particles (INPs) by fast-growing phytoplankton

Measurement report: Atmospheric Ice Nuclei at Changbai Mountain (2623 m a.s.l.) in Northeastern Asia

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