Production of active coal from pyrolyzed wood wastes by alkaline activation of KOH

Kuzmin, Oleg; Tamarkina, Julia; Shendrik, Tetiana; Zubkova, Valentina; Koval, O. I.; Roman, Tetiana

doi:10.24263/2304-974x-2017-6-3-5

Cited by 5 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…After mixing, the WAM enters the pressure vessels (10), after which it is filtered on the sand filters (12) and treated with AC in adsorbers (13). AC used from pyrolyzed wood wastes, obtained by the method of alkaline activation of KOH (Kuzmin O., Tamarkina J., Shendrik T., Zubkova V. et al, 2017) [13]. In order to get rid of small particles of coal, WAM (vodka) is filtered again and sampled (4.0-4.2).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of internal mechanisms for establishment of the equilibrium state of water-alcohol mixtures in vodka technology

Kuzmin¹,

Zubkova²,

Shendrik³

et al. 2018

Ukr

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Introduction. The aim of the publication is to study the mechanism of the establishment of relaxation of water-alcohol mixtures (WAM) in the main stages of creating vodka in the application of electrochemical activation (ECA) at the stage of Na-cationization process water softening. Materials and methods. 1 H NMR analysis was performed using: FT-NMR Bruker Avance II spectrometer (400 MHz); special capillary with acEtOHe-d6; high accuracy ampoules № 507-HP; dispenser; ethyl alcohol rectified (EAR); water softened by Na-cationization; WAM from EAR and softened water. Results and discussion. In this work, the equilibrium state of vodkas in the creation of WAM in the process of ECA of softened water by Nacationization is investigated. It has been established that electrochemical reactions lead to a change in the system of intermolecular interactions. Charging states of molecules in anolyte and catholyte lead to differences in the electron distribution, which affects the chemical displacements of hydroxyl protons. In relation to the softened water (δH2O=4.65 ppm), the anolyte with δH2O=(4.23; 4.22) ppm has a displacement of the hydroxyl proton in the «strong field» at Δf=170 Hz. The catholyte with δН2О=(4.56; 4.54) ppm has a displacement in the «strong field» at Δf=40 Hz. It has been proved that the WAM on anolyte (pH=2.43) and EAR has an acidic medium (pH=3.10), WAM in a catholyte (pH=11.08), and EAR has a meadow medium (pH=11.75). These polar ratios of H3O + to OHfor anolyte and catholyte lead to a restructuring of the structure in the alcohol/water system. It can be assumed that the proton exchange is accelerated, while there is one general signal of mobile protons EtOH+H2O. On the basis of the study a fundamental difference between the behavior of the WAM and the vodka prepared on softened water and water after ECA treatment was established. Found systems (alcohol/water) with a stable equilibrium, which are characterized by a high degree of generalization of protons, as well as characteristic rates of exchange for it. Conclusions. The experimental data obtained prove the dependence of the speed and nature of the establishment of the thermodynamic equilibrium due to the relaxation of the WAM. It is shown that relaxation occurs at the simultaneous stabilization of the hydroxyl group of water and ethanol protons.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of internal mechanisms for establishment of the equilibrium state of water-alcohol mixtures in vodka technology

Kuzmin¹,

Zubkova²,

Shendrik³

et al. 2018

Ukr

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“…Naturally, such a state of affairs cannot satisfy the rapidly growing and increasingly complex alcoholic beverage production. [7][8][9][10] causes significant changes in the optimization of the technological process of sorting with active carbon (Muhin et al, 2003;Muhin et al, 2004) [11,12].…”

Section: Analysis Of Recent Researchs and Publicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The method of production of activated carbon from wood carbonisation is proposed, which includes mixing of carbonaceous raw materials with potassium hydroxide KOH at an activation temperature of 600-800 С, with a yield factor of 70-80% and a fractional composition of particles in the size of 1,0-3,6 mm. Parameters of the porous structure of activated carbon from pyrolyzed wood waste (Kuzmin et al, 2017) [9]: total pore volume VΣ=0.421 cm 3 /g (100%); volume of macropores Vma=0.034 cm 3 /g (8.08%); volume of mesopores Vme=0.091 cm 3 /g (21.61%); volume of micropores Vmi=0.296 cm 3 /g (70.31%).…”

Section: Active Carbons From Various Organic Wastesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Main directions of application of active carbons in alcoholic beverage production

Shendrik¹,

Levandovskyi²,

Kuts³

et al. 2019

UJFS

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Introduction. The purpose of the publication is to assess the quality and to usage of natural charcoal of activated charcoal by physical and chemical indicators for alcoholic beverage productionfor the purification of water-alcohol mixtures from impurities in the technology of vodka. Materials and methods. Activated charcoalas a raw material for the purification of water-alcohol mixtures in the technology of vodkas. Methods of research: adsorption activity by iodine; adsorption activity by acetic acid; adsorption activity by methylene blue; total volume of pores in water; bulk density of activated carbon; fractional composition; mass of ash; bulk iron; bulk moisture content; abrasion strength. Results and discussion. Activated charcoal of plant origin BAU-A, BAU-A-LVZ, BAU-A-Ag, MeKS, KAU-A, KDS-A according to the complex of indicators does not fully meet the high requirements of alcoholic beverage production. The active charcoal grades BAU-A have the standard values of indicators: adsorption activity by iodine-62%; adsorption activity by acetic acid-64 ml; adsorption activity by methylene blue-129 mg/g; total pore volume by water-1.72 cm 3 /g; bulk density-215 g/dm 3 ; mass fraction of the balance on a sieve with a linen: № 36-1.6%; № 10-98%; on the pallet-0.4%; mass of ash-4.7%; mass fraction of water soluble ash-1.64%; mass fraction of iron-0,12%; mass moisture content-3.8%; abrasion resistance-52.8%. To expand the range of values of indicators, it is necessary to create different combinations based on the BAU-A grades of coal or their modifications BAU-A-LVZ, BAU-A-Ag together with activated charcoal stone (MeKS), coconut (KAU-A) and anthracite (KDS-A). Activated charcoal of the mark MeKS in relation to BAU-A has higher values: adsorption activity by iodine by 32%; adsorption activity by acetic acid by 45.3%; adsorption activity by methylene blue at 52.7%; bulk density at 62.4%; tensile strength at 37.3%. In relation to BAU-A, activated charcoal MeKS has lower values: the total volume of pore water by-9.6%; mass of the remainder on a sieve with a linen: № 36 on-1.5%; № 10 at-7.6%; on a pallet of 9.1%; mass of ash at-1.1%; a mass of water-soluble ash-0.4%; bulk of iron by 0.1%; mass moisture content-0.6%. At the same time low indicators of one activated carbon can be offset by high indicators of other coal. Conclusion. Creation of combined activated charcoal with optimized parameters (increased durability, high adsorption and catalytic properties, developed porous structure) will allow to meet the high requirements of alcoholic beverage production and to more actively absorb organic impurities, improving the organoleptic parameters of vodkas.

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“…There are several methods for producing activated coal, the most common of which is the activation of gases and water vapor at temperatures of 800-900 C (the so-called "physical" activation) ( [19,22,[24][25][26][27][28]. Advantages of chemical activation: onestage process; lower activation temperature; shorter activation time; large exits; more developed surface; more controlled microporosity (Lillo-Ródenas et al, 2007) [29].…”

Section: Analysis Of Recent Researchs and Publicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, chemical activation involves the use of an activating agent (ZnCl2, H3PO4, NaOH, KOH, etc.) ; Kwiatkowski et al, 2017; Kumar, Jena, 2017) [24][25][26][27], which is introduced by impregnation or stirring, after which the raw material is heated (activated) in an atmosphere of inert (or intrinsic) gases to a certain degree roasting (as a rule, up to 50-70%).…”

Section: Analysis Of Recent Researchs and Publicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlation between the quality indicators of activated coal in vodka technology

Shendrik¹,

Levandovskyi²,

Kuts³

et al. 2019

UJFS

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Introduction. The purpose of the publication is to establish correlation relations between the quality indicators of active coal (AC) used in the distillery production in vodka technology. Materials and methods. AC of natural origin, which is used for distillery production. Standard methods of determination and quantitative characteristics of AC quality indicators. Mathematical-statistical methods of research are linear correlation analysis based on the Pearson correlation coefficient. Results and discussion. It was found that the correlation coefficient (r) between iodine adsorption activity (Ai.), which characterizes the amount and volume of micropore AC with diameter Dm<2 nm, including nanopor with diameter Dm<1 nm, and methylene blue (Am.b.), which depends on the mesopore volume with a diameter Dme=2…50 nm, is equal to 0.93. The total volume of the micro-and mesoporous space determines the total sorption capacity of AC relative to the organic impurities present in the water-alcohol mixtures. AC's sorption activity also depends on its fractional composition. The correlation (reverse dependence) between adsorption activity on acetic acid (Aa.a.) and the mass fraction of the sorbent residue on a screen with a cloth №10 (F№10) with a coefficient r=-0,94 was established. Reducing the mass fraction of the residual on a screen with a cloth from 97…98% to 62…64% leads to an increase in adsorption activity of AС by acetic acid to 117 ml versus 62 ml. This is directly due to the fact that the residual sorbent on the sieve № 10 has a large area of the surface of the microporous and mesoporous space due to the reduced size of the grains. The total volume of sorbents in water (Tp.v.) is directly proportional to the mass fraction of water soluble ash (Mw.a.) r=0.92 and the mass fraction of moisture (Mm.) at r=0.99. In order to release AC from water soluble ashes and increase the volume of pore space, it will be logical to wash the prepared AC with water and then dry it to the water content in the coal to 2%. It was established that the fractional composition, the mass of the residue on the sieve with canvas № 36 (F№36) is directly dependent on the mass fraction of ash (Ma.) (r=0.91) and the mass fraction of water soluble ash (Mw.a.) (r=0.91), which indirectly indicates the influence of inorganic components AC on its mechanical strength. It is assumed that in the largest fractions of AC with a mass of the residue on the sieve with canvas № 36 (F№36=2.1%) contains more ash in the macropore space (Ma=5.12%), including water soluble ash (Mw. a.=1.95%). Conclusions. As a result of the analysis of standard quality indicators AB and the study of their mutual dependencies using the mathematicalstatistical method using the Pearson correlation coefficients, it has been found that 92% (12 out of 13) indicators have strong internal relationships that are characterized by a "very high" correlation force with coefficients r=0.90-0.99.

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Production of active coal from pyrolyzed wood wastes by alkaline activation of KOH

Abstract: Keywords:Pyrolysis Wood Wastes Alkaline activation Active coal Nanopores

Cited by 5 publications

References 32 publications

Study of internal mechanisms for establishment of the equilibrium state of water-alcohol mixtures in vodka technology

Study of internal mechanisms for establishment of the equilibrium state of water-alcohol mixtures in vodka technology

Main directions of application of active carbons in alcoholic beverage production

Correlation between the quality indicators of activated coal in vodka technology

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