Production of a Novel Extracellular Cutinase by the Pollen and the Chemical Composition and Ultrastructure of the Stigma Cuticle of Nasturtium (<i>Tropaeolum majus</i>)

Shayk, Mashouf; Kolattukudy, P.E.; Davis, Ron

doi:10.1104/pp.60.6.907

Cited by 42 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Alternatively, it may indicate that PG transcription and translation do not occur at germination. PG enzyme may therefore be similar in expression to pollen cutinase which is presynthesised in pollen probably to allow for rapid deployment at germination (Shayk and Kolattukudy 1977). Prestored pollen PG may also explain why papillar wall loosening has been shown to be insensitive to inhibitors of protein synthesis (Elleman and Dickinson 1996).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The initial step in pistil penetration in many plant pollination processes appears to involve degradation of the stigmatic cuticle (Shayk andKolattukudy 1977, Hiscock et al 1994). In Brassica napus pollen, the intine has been shown to contain an active cutinase with resemblances to cutinases of a fungal species (Hiscock et al 1994, Kolattukudy et al 1981.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Expression of a polygalacturonase enzyme in germinating pollen of Brassica napus

Dearnaley¹,

Daggard²

2001

Sexual Plant Reproduction

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Penetration of pollen tubes through stigmatic tissues in Brassica napus L. may involve the release of cell wall modifying enzymes from the pollen tube tip. We have examined the expression of a pectin-degrading polygalacturonase (PG) enzyme in unpollinated and early and late pollinated stigmas via immunoblotting and immuno light microscopy using a PG polyclonal antibody. Immunoblotting analysis indicated that PG enzyme was present at low levels in unpollinated stigmas and at high levels in pollinated stigmas. The level of PG did not detectably increase between early and late pollinated stigmas. Immuno light microscopy demonstrated that PG enzyme was present in ungerminated pollen grains, stigmatic papillae and in the tip of pollen tubes growing into the papillar wall. This latter evidence suggests that PG enzyme may play an important role in papillar cell wall penetration during pollination although other interpretations of the role of pollen PG should not be discounted.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expression of a polygalacturonase enzyme in germinating pollen of Brassica napus

Dearnaley¹,

Daggard²

2001

Sexual Plant Reproduction

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“…After germinating on the stigma, pollen tubes have to penetrate the cuticle covering the stigmatic surface (32)(33)(34). Pollen-held enzymes, such as pectin-degrading enzymes and enzymes that modify the cell wall, must be secreted to degrade the stigmatic cuticle and loosen the stigmatic cell wall.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

AtVPS41-mediated endocytic pathway is essential for pollen tube–stigma interaction inArabidopsis

Hao

Liu

Zhong

et al. 2016

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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In flowering plants, extensive male–female interactions are required for successful fertilization in which various signaling cascades are involved. Prevacuolar compartments (PVC) and vacuoles are two types of subcellular compartments that terminate signal transduction by sequestrating signaling molecules in yeast and mammalian cells; however, the manner in which they might be involved in male–female interactions in plants is unknown. In this study, we identified Arabidopsisthaliana vacuolar protein sorting 41 (AtVPS41), encoded by a single-copy gene with sequence similarity to yeast Vps41p, as a new factor controlling pollen tube–stigma interaction. Loss of AtVPS41 function disrupted penetration of pollen tubes into the transmitting tissue and thus led to failed male transmission. In the pollen tubes, AtVPS41 protein is associated with PVCs and the tonoplast. We demonstrate that AtVPS41 is required for the late stage of the endocytic pathway (i.e., endomembrane trafficking from PVCs to vacuoles) because internalization of cell-surface molecules was normal in the vps41-deficient pollen tubes, whereas PVC-to-vacuole trafficking was impaired. We further show that the CHCR domain is required for subcellular localization and biological functioning of AtVPS41. These results indicate that the AtVPS41-mediated late stage of the endocytic pathway is essential for pollen tube–stigma interaction in Arabidopsis.

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“…Since increased stigmatic secretion occurs prior to the penetration of the cuticle by the pollen tube in all the species investigated, cutinase would seem to play no part in these events. This enzyme has been reported to be held in the intine of germinating pollen grains of Tropaelum majus (Shayk & Kolattukudy, 1977), and for this reason is unlikely to diffuse into the lipoidal coating. On hydration, cutinase would be expected to move within the /?1 :4 cellulosic environment from the intine to the tube wall and tip.…”

Section: The Nature Of the Stigmatic Response To Pollinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pollination in species with dry stigmas: the nature of the early stigmatic response and the pathway taken by pollen tubes

1992

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SUMMARYInteraction between the pollen grain, pollen tube and the stigma surface has been studied in five species regarded as possessing dry stigma surfaces; Brassica oleracea L., Arabidopsis thaliana (L.), Heynh, Papaver rhoeas L., Cosmos bipinnatus Cav. and Helianthus annuus L.In B. oteracea and A. thaliana, stigmatic response to pollination includes events in the papillar cytoplasm and changes to the stigmatic surface beneath the grain. In particular a specialized outer element of the cell wall expands prior to pollen tube penetration. The pollen tube, which enters through a ' foot' of pollen coating, grows in a space generated between an inner and the outer element of the wall and extends to the base of the papilla where it enters the middle lamellae of the subjacent cell layer. However, in A. thaliana tubes frequently were seen to penetrate all components of the stigmatic cell wall, an event only previously recorded in immature stigmas of B. oleracea. In self pollinations of self-incompatible B. oleracea involving strong S (incompatibility) alleles no changes take place in the papillar cell wall.In P. rhoeas the stigmatic surface responds to self and cross pollination by the secretion of electron-lucent material beneath the cuticle, causing it to become detached from the outer surface of the stigmatic cell wall. The pollen tubes then penetrate the cuticle and grow towards the base of the papilla in the space thus generated. The tubes continue to grow intercellularly in the transmitting tissue which lies horizontally in rays beneath the papillae.In members of the Compositae, C bipinnatus and H. annuus, both stigma and pollen respond to pollination by producing copious quantities of an electron-opaque matrix, which frequently causes individual papillae to adhere together. Pollen tubes, which are formed following both compatible and incompatible intraspecific pollinations, grow into this matrix and toward the base of the papillae. There, in common with the other plants studied, they grow intercellularly and enter the transmitting tissue of the style.These findings are discussed in the light of current views of the mechanisms operating during angiosperm pollination and of the significance of the stigmatic response to the functioning of self-incompatibility mechanisms.

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Production of a Novel Extracellular Cutinase by the Pollen and the Chemical Composition and Ultrastructure of the Stigma Cuticle of Nasturtium (Tropaeolum majus)

Cited by 42 publications

References 14 publications

Expression of a polygalacturonase enzyme in germinating pollen of Brassica napus

Expression of a polygalacturonase enzyme in germinating pollen of Brassica napus

AtVPS41-mediated endocytic pathway is essential for pollen tube–stigma interaction inArabidopsis

Pollination in species with dry stigmas: the nature of the early stigmatic response and the pathway taken by pollen tubes

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