Production of 2n Pollen in Diploid Ipomoea trifida, a Putative Wild Ancestor of Sweet Potato

Orjeda, Gisella; Freyre, Rosanna; Iwanaga, Michitaka

doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.jhered.a111026

Cited by 54 publications

(41 citation statements)

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“…This phenomenon is known from other taxa and reflects the increased size of nuclei containing extra sets of chromosomes (Bretagnolle and Thompson, 1995). The size ratio of reduced and unreduced pollen in A. borealis (B1:1.42) is similar to that reported in other species (Tyagi, 1988;Orjeda et al, 1990), suggesting a general guideline for screening unreduced pollen. However, reduced and unreduced pollen sometimes lack clearcut size differences in grasses and other wind-pollinated species (Li et al, 1964;Maciera et al, 1992).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Unreduced gametes and neopolyploids in natural populations of Achillea borealis (Asteraceae)

2006

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Polyploidy is a major mechanism of speciation and adaptation, yet little is known about the origins of polyploids in natural species. I investigated gametic nonreduction and neopolyploid formation in natural tetraploid populations of Achillea borealis (Asteraceae), an autopolyploid complex consisting of tetraploid and hexaploid cytotypes. Cytological analyses of tetraploid populations revealed the occurrence of reduced (n ¼ 2x) as well as unreduced 'big' (2n ¼ 4x) and 'jumbo' (4n ¼ 8x) pollen grains, which were clearly distinguished by size. Production of unreduced pollen was monitored in two tetraploid populations in 1997 and 1998. Mean population-level frequencies of unreduced pollen ranged from 0.030 to 0.538%, with as few as one-third and as many as one-half of sampled plants producing unreduced grains. Eight individuals were found to produce 41% unreduced pollen, with highest observed frequencies of 7.0, 13.2 and 15.8%. Experimental crosses using high unreduced pollen producers as male parents generated viable seeds. However, the frequency of neohexaploids in the progeny of experimental crosses (0.388%) was similar to that observed in progeny of randomly selected, openpollinated control parents (0.465%). These results suggest that unreduced eggs are the most likely source of new polyploids. In spite of the inefficiency of unreduced pollen in unilateral sexual polyploidization, the overall rate of neohexaploid formation (one in 233) was several orders of magnitude greater than estimates of genic mutation rates.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Unreduced gametes and neopolyploids in natural populations of Achillea borealis (Asteraceae)

2006

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“…Detection can follow with flow cytometric detection of pollen DNA content, analyses of the microsporogenesis, ploidy analysis of the progeny and pollen size measurement (BRETAGNOLLE and THOMPSON, 1995). Because the diameter of pollen grains may become larger due to the doubling of chromosome numbers, pollen size has been widely used as an indicator of 2n male gametes (VEILLEUX et al, 1982;ORJEDA et al, 1990;ORTIZ, 1997). Based on this approach, in different poplar species diploid pollen grains could be distinguished from haploid pollen by microscopic screening (MASHKINA et al, 1989;KANG and ZHU, 1997;ZHU et al, 1998;ZHANG and KANG, 2010).…”

Section: Use Of Diploid Gametesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Breeding triploid aspen and poplar clones for biomass production

Ulrich

Ewald

2014

Silvae Genetica

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Enriched diploid pollen was applied for in vitro pollinations and crossbreeding in the greenhouse to produce high performance triploid aspen and aspen hybrids for cultivation in medium rotation plantations. In addition to crossings within the section Populus, intersectional crossbreeding was performed to combine benefits of intersectional hybridization with those derived from triploidisation.Both the enrichment of diploid pollen by size fractionation of naturally unreduced pollen and heat treatment of microspore mother cells resulted in a distinct increase of diploid pollen. Using this pollen, six triploid plants were obtained from in vitro pollinations and twenty from crossbreeding in the greenhouse. The triploid plants displayed a high variability in growth performance. Two clones from in vitro pollination and five from crossbreeding in the greenhouse were chosen to estimate growth characteristics. A first assessment of clone performance in an outdoor container test con - ducted over one growing season revealed two triploid clones with a same stem height and a significantly increased basal stem diameter in comparison to the fast-growing triploid reference clone “Astria”. Crossbreeding experiments also resulted in two fast-growing mixoploid clones, which have already been stable for several years.All in all, in this study, crossbreeding using enriched diploid pollen is proved to be a reliable and applicable approach for an effective breeding of triploid poplars.

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“…F. Bretagnolle and jf. D. Thompson 1989;Orjeda et al, 1990;Veronesi et al, 1990;Wagenvoort et al, 1990;Iwanaga et al, \99\b;Van Santen, Hugessen & Casler, 1991;Maceira ei a/., 1992;Ray & Tokach, 1992;Jansen & Den Nijs, 1993). Screening 2n pollen, based on the size and shape of the grain, is, however, only possible in species where diflferences are known to occur between haploid and diploid pollen grains (Myers, Gritton & Struckmeyer, 1984;Parrott & Smith, 1984;Parrott & Smith, 19866).…”

Section: Morphological Screening To Detect 2n Pollenmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The analysis of micro-and megasporogenesis provides a useful method of estimating the frequency of 2n gamete production (Jongedijk, 1985;Stelly & Peloquin, 1986fl;Lelley, Mahmoud & Lein, 1987;Werner & Peloquin, 1987;Shoemaker-Megalos & Ballington, 1988;Orjeda et al, 1990;Tavoletti, Mariani & Veronesi, 1991 o). The estimation of the frequency of 2n gametes usually involves techniques to stain and clear fixed ovaries or anthers (see Stelly et al, 1984;Stelly & Peloquin, 1985 ;Tavoletti et al 1991a; for technical details).…”

Section: The Analysis Of Micro-and Megasporogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Wagenvoort et al, 1990Lelley et al, 1987Ramanna, 1983Iwanaga, 1984;Werner & Peloquin, 1987;Jongedijk & Ramanna, 1988;Watanabe & Peloquin, 1993Parrott & Smith, 1984Rabe & Haufler, 1992Vorsa, 1986in Ortiz et al, 1992Nassar, 1992Simpson & Davis, 1983 Werner & Peloquin, 1991a Mok & Peloquin, 1975 Stelly & Peloquin, 1986;Watanabe & Peloquin, 1989;Werner & Peloquin, 1987;Zhang et al, 1988Vorsa, 1986in Ortiz et al, 1992Werner & Peloquin, 1987Sala et al, 1989Zhang et al, 1988Nassar, 1992Ray & Tokach, 1992Mok & Peloquin, 1975Ramanna, 1978;Camadro & Peloquin, 1980;Iwanaga & Peloquin, 1982;Watanabe & Peloquin, 1989;Masuelli et al, 1992 Jones, 1990Orjeda et al, 1990Zhang et al, 1988Vorsa & Bingham, 1979Bingham & McCoy, 1979;Tavoletti et al, 1991aMyers et al, 1984Parrott & Smith, 1984Werner & Peloquin, 1991aRay & Tokach, 1992Werner & Peloquin, 1987Wagenvoort et al, 1990…”

Section: Cytological Aspects Of 2n Gamete Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Gametes with the somatic chromosome number: mechanisms of their formation and role in the evolution of autopolyploid plants

1995

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summary The production of 2n gametes in plants, i.e. gametes with a somatic chromosome number, is considered to be the dominant process involved in the origin of polyploid plants. In this review, we provide a synthesis of current knowledge concerning the production of 2n gametes. Firstly, we describe the different methods used to detect and quantify the production of 2n gametes in plants, which include morphological and flow cytometry screening of the occurrence of 2n pollen, the analysis of crosses among diploid and tetraploid parents and the instigation of micro‐and mega‐sporogenesis. Secondly, the high level of inter‐ and infra‐specific variation in 2n gametes production is described. Thirdly, the various cytological anomalies responsible for the production of 2n gametes are reviewed, with particular reference to the relative genetic consequences of the first and second restitution divisions that give rise to 2n gametes. Fourthly, the significance of 2n gametes in crop plant improvement is discussed, in relation to somatic chromosome doubling to obtain new polyploid varieties. In particular, we compare the genetic and yield consequences of methods based on unilateral and bilateral sexual polyploidization. Finally, we outline how knowledge of the variety of mechanisms involved in 2n gamete production have increased our understanding of the evolutionary significance of polyploidy and the population biology of polyploid plants.

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Production of 2n Pollen in Diploid Ipomoea trifida, a Putative Wild Ancestor of Sweet Potato

Cited by 54 publications

References 0 publications

Unreduced gametes and neopolyploids in natural populations of Achillea borealis (Asteraceae)

Unreduced gametes and neopolyploids in natural populations of Achillea borealis (Asteraceae)

Breeding triploid aspen and poplar clones for biomass production

Gametes with the somatic chromosome number: mechanisms of their formation and role in the evolution of autopolyploid plants

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