Production of 11C, 13N and 15O in proton-induced nuclear reactions up to 200 MeV

Rodríguez-González, T.; Guerrero, C.; Bäcker, Claus Maximilian; Bauer, J.; Bäumer, Christian; Brons, Stephan; Jentzen, Walter; Jiménez-Ramos, M. C.; Millán-Callado, M. A.; Schömers, Christian; Timmermann, Beate; Quesada, J. M.; Capote, R.

doi:10.1016/j.nds.2023.01.004

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Figure 5a,b presents the maps of production yields of β + emitters ( 15 O and 11 C), Y 15O and Y 11C , simulated by PHITS using the MRWC/CT and CT‐only methods, respectively, along with the reference maps (Figure 5c). At therapeutic proton energies, 16 O(p,x) 15 O reaction dominates the 15 O production in the human body, while 11 C is mainly produced by the two channels of 12 C(p,x) 11 C and 16 O(p,x) 11 C reactions 14 . Simulated maps of the partial yields for the 11 C production, Y 12C(p,x)11C and Y 16O(p,x)11C , are also given at the bottom of the total Y 11C maps.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At therapeutic proton energies, 16 O(p,x) 15 O reaction dominates the 15 O production in the human body, while 11 C is mainly produced by the two channels of 12 C(p,x) 11 C and 16 O(p,x) 11 C reactions. 14 Simulated maps of the partial yields for the 11 C production, Y 12C(p,x)11C and Y 16O(p,x)11C , are also given at the bottom of the total Y 11C maps. As expected from the results of n C and n O (Figure 3), the maps of Y 15O and Y 11C ,as well as Y 12C(p,x)11C and Y 16O(p,x)11C , obtained by the MRWCbased method, closely resembled the corresponding reference maps, while the CT-only method evidently failed to make predictions.…”

Section: Production Yields Of Positron Emittersmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Technical note: Implementing MRI/CT‐based elemental concentration data to Monte Carlo simulation for yielding positron emitters in proton therapy

Saito,

Matsumoto

2023

Medical Physics

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BackgroundThe elemental concentration (especially oxygen and carbon) and mass density must be accurately assigned to perform Monte Carlo (MC) simulations for predicting proton‐induced nuclear reactions in the human body. We recently proposed an approach to quantify elemental concentrations and mass densities of human soft tissues from water content (WC) data obtained by quantitative magnetic resonance (MR) imaging (which we called “MRWC”).PurposeThis study presents the first implementation of MRWC‐derived elemental concentrations and mass densities as complementary inputs into MC simulations on a virtual head phantom, and demonstrates the simulation of positron emitter production yields in proton therapy.MethodsAn MC code, PHITS, was used to simulate proton therapy with a monoenergetic 140 MeV beam for a digital head phantom provided by BrainWeb. Three different head images were synthesized as inputs: a conventional CT image, an ideal CT image as a reference, and a WC image coupled with the bone‐only CT image for a hybrid approach (MRWC/CT). Thereafter, the performance of the MRWC/CT method was evaluated by comparing its accuracy in predicting the production yields of positron emitters (11C and 15O) with the gold‐standard CT‐only method.ResultsThe MRWC/CT method could predict 11C and 15O production yield maps that closely resembled the corresponding reference maps, while the CT‐only method failed. The structural similarity index measures between the reference and CT‐ or MRWC/CT‐derived maps were improved from 0.67 (CT‐only) to 0.87 (MRWC/CT) for 11C and 0.76 (CT‐only) to 0.93 (MRWC/CT) for 15O. Furthermore, applying post‐processing normalizations to account for elemental density variations in the production yields of positron emitters facilitated the determination of distal fall‐off positions in depth activity profiles.ConclusionAt least in the head area, the MRWC/CT method demonstrated potential for more precise predictions of proton‐induced positron emitter distributions via MC simulations than that of the CT‐only method.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Production Yields Of Positron Emittersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Technical note: Implementing MRI/CT‐based elemental concentration data to Monte Carlo simulation for yielding positron emitters in proton therapy

Saito,

Matsumoto

2023

Medical Physics

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Extension of evaluated cross section database for charged particle monitor reactions

Tárkányi,

Hermanne,

Ignatyuk

et al. 2024

J Radioanal Nucl Chem

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The evaluation and deduction of recommended cross section values allowing extension of the database to monitor energy and intensity parameters of charged particle beams is presented. Included are 53 charged particle (p, d, 3He, 4He) induced reactions on suited C, Al, Ti, Fe, Ni, Cu, Nb and Au targets. The new data allow more systematic simultaneous use of multiple reactions on the same target and promote the backings of electrodeposited and sedimented targets as monitoring aids. Where possible the energy range is extended to above 100 MeV. Integral yield curves over the studied energy range are derived and compared to experimentally measured yields at specific energy points. A comparison with the theoretical excitation curve prediction of the TALYS-code as available in the TENDL 2021–2023 libraries is shown.

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Measurement of the ¹²C(p,n)¹²N reaction cross section below 150 MeV

Zapien-Campos,

Ahmadi Ganjeh,

Both

et al. 2024

Phys. Med. Biol.

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Objective: Proton therapy currently faces challenges from clinical complications on organs-at-risk due to range uncertainties, anatomical changes, and setup errors. To address this issue, Positron Emission Tomography (PET) of the proton-induced 11C and 15O activity has been used to provide feedback on the proton range. However, this approach is not instantaneous due to the long half-lives of these nuclides. An alternative nuclide, 12N (half-life 11 ms), shows promise for real-time in vivo verification of the proton range. Development of 12N imaging requires better knowledge of its production reaction cross section.Approach: The 12C(p,n)12N reaction cross section was measured by detecting positron activity of graphite targets irradiated with 66.5, 120, and 150 MeV protons. A pulsed beam delivery with 0.7-2×108 protons per pulse was used. The positron activity was measured during the beam-off periods using a dual-head Siemens Biograph mCT PET scanner. The 12N production was determined from activity time histograms.Main results: The cross section was calculated for 11 energies, ranging from 23.5 to 147 MeV, using information on the experimental setup and beam delivery. Through a comprehensive uncertainty propagation analysis, a statistical uncertainty of 2.6-5.8% and a systematic uncertainty of 3.3-4.6% were achieved. Additionally, calibration measurements showed a systematic correction factor of 1.21 (± 7.5%), which contributed the most to global uncertainty. Despite this, there was an improvement in the precision of the cross section measurement compared to values reported by the only previous study for this nuclear reaction. To obtain a continuous cross section function, a weighted spline interpolation using both datasets was performed.Significance: Our results were incorporated into the RayStation Monte Carlo (MC) engine for calculating the 12N positron annihilation distribution during treatment, with the aim of developing an MC simulation framework to predict 12N PET imaging for range verification purposes.

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Production of 11C, 13N and 15O in proton-induced nuclear reactions up to 200 MeV

Cited by 5 publications

References 37 publications

Technical note: Implementing MRI/CT‐based elemental concentration data to Monte Carlo simulation for yielding positron emitters in proton therapy

Technical note: Implementing MRI/CT‐based elemental concentration data to Monte Carlo simulation for yielding positron emitters in proton therapy

Extension of evaluated cross section database for charged particle monitor reactions

Measurement of the ¹²C(p,n)¹²N reaction cross section below 150 MeV

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Production of 11C, 13N and 15O in proton-induced nuclear reactions up to 200 MeV

Cited by 5 publications

References 37 publications

Technical note: Implementing MRI/CT‐based elemental concentration data to Monte Carlo simulation for yielding positron emitters in proton therapy

Technical note: Implementing MRI/CT‐based elemental concentration data to Monte Carlo simulation for yielding positron emitters in proton therapy

Extension of evaluated cross section database for charged particle monitor reactions

Measurement of the 12C(p,n)12N reaction cross section below 150 MeV

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Measurement of the ¹²C(p,n)¹²N reaction cross section below 150 MeV