Production of 1-Butyl-3-Methylimidazolium Acetate [Bmim][Ac] Using 1-Butyl-3-Methylimidazolium Chloride [Bmim]Cl and Silver Acetate: A Kinetic Study

Abu-Eishah, Samir I.; Elsuccary, S.A.A.; Al-Attar, Thikrayat H.; Khanji, Asia A.; Butt, Hifsa P.; Mohamed, Nourah M.

doi:10.5772/intechopen.96569

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Potassium acetate (99.9%) was purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). [BDMIm][OAc] was synthesized from [BDMIm]Cl and potassium acetate in ethanol following a literature procedure for the production of [BMIm][OAc] [33]. All ILs were dried at 110 • C under dynamic vacuum (Schlenk line) overnight and transferred to the glove box before use.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[BDMIm][OAc] was synthesized by mixing 20 mmol (3.75 g) of [BDMIm]Cl in 10 mL anhydrous ethanol with 50 mL of an ethanolic solution of 4.8 g potassium acetate under vigorous stirring at room temperature [33]. KCl precipitated quickly, but the solution remained in the stirring bath overnight at room temperature for a complete reaction.…”

Section: Synthesis Of [Bdmim][oac]mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Reactivity of Rare-Earth Oxides in Anhydrous Imidazolium Acetate Ionic Liquids

et al. 2023

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Rare-earth metal sesquioxides (RE2O3) are stable compounds that require high activation energies in solid-state reactions or strong acids for dissolution in aqueous media. Alternatively, dissolution and downstream chemistry of RE2O3 have been achieved with ionic liquids (ILs), but typically with additional water. In contrast, the anhydrous IL 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate [BMIm][OAc] dissolves RE2O3 for RE = La–Ho and forms homoleptic dinuclear metal complexes that crystallize as [BMIm]2[RE2(OAc)8] salts. Chloride ions promote the dissolution without being included in the compounds. Since the lattice energy of RE2O3 increases with decreasing size of the RE3+ cation, Ho2O3 dissolves very slowly, while the sesquioxides with even smaller cations appear to be inert under the applied conditions. The Sm and Eu complex salts show blue and red photoluminescence and Van Vleck paramagnetism. The proton source for the dissolution is the imidazolium cation. Abstraction of the acidic proton at the C2-atom yields an N-heterocyclic carbene (imidazole-2-ylidene). The IL can be regenerated by subsequent reaction with acetic acid. In the overall process, RE2O3 is dissolved by anhydrous acetic acid, a reaction that does not proceed directly.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Synthesis Of [Bdmim][oac]mentioning

confidence: 99%

Reactivity of Rare-Earth Oxides in Anhydrous Imidazolium Acetate Ionic Liquids

et al. 2023

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Development of an innovative process involving the use of ionic liquids for the recovery and purification of rare earths from permanent magnets and NIMH batteries

Hidalgo¹,

Tripiana²,

Sanchez-Cupido³

et al. 2021

Open Res Europe

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Background: Nowadays, the industry trends are reflecting an increase in the consumption of products containing rare earth elements (REEs), which leads to the generation of several REE-containing residues such as spent permanent magnets (SPM), permanent magnet swarf (PMS), and nickel metal hydride (NiMH) batteries. Methods: Due to the risk of supply and to decrease the dependency of Europe in obtaining REEs, an innovative process for obtaining REEs in the form of rare earth oxalates (REOx) that can be easily transformed to an xide mixture by calcination is proposed. The proposed method includes leaching of REEs from SPM, PMS, and NiMH batteries using different solvents such as ionic liquids and/or mineral acids; precipitation of REE in the form of REOx and purification of the final products by an ionic liquid extraction (ILE) process for removing the impurities using Cyphos 101 as ionic liquid. Intensive research, based on laboratory tests, is described for each of the parts of the process with the aim of providing optimized results. Results: In this study, >99% recovery of the REE initially present in the leachates after the leaching phase is achieved, with a purity of the REOxafter the precipitation and purification steps higher than 95%. Conclusion: A novel and innovative process for the extraction of REEs from secondary sources has been investigated in this paper, demonstrating strong potential for its implementation. The REEEs recovery rate and the purity obtained together with the low environmental impact of this process compared to conventional ones can contribute to a greener future where the usage of REEs will presumably be even more relevant.

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N-heterocyclic carbene-mediated oxidation of copper(I) in an imidazolium ionic liquid

Shah

Pietsch

Ruck

2023

Zeitschrift Für Naturforschung B

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The aerobic oxidation of copper(I) to copper(II) was studied in the ionic liquid (IL) 1-n-butyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate [BMIm][OAc]. Temperatures above 100 °C promote the deprotonation of the C2 atom of the imidazolium ring and the dissolution of CuCl. 1H and 13C NMR spectra indicate the formation of the N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) complex [NHC] CuICl under inert conditions. Upon aerobic oxidation, air-stable blue-green crystals of [BMIm]2[CuII 2(OAc)4Cl2] precipitate in high yield and the NHC is recovered. X-ray diffraction on a single-crystal of the complex salt revealed a monoclinic structure with space group P21/n. The centrosymmetric dinuclear acetate complex [Cu2(OAc)4Cl2]2– has the paddle-wheel motif and is weakly paramagnetic.

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Production of 1-Butyl-3-Methylimidazolium Acetate [Bmim][Ac] Using 1-Butyl-3-Methylimidazolium Chloride [Bmim]Cl and Silver Acetate: A Kinetic Study

Cited by 3 publications

References 11 publications

Reactivity of Rare-Earth Oxides in Anhydrous Imidazolium Acetate Ionic Liquids

Reactivity of Rare-Earth Oxides in Anhydrous Imidazolium Acetate Ionic Liquids

Development of an innovative process involving the use of ionic liquids for the recovery and purification of rare earths from permanent magnets and NIMH batteries

N-heterocyclic carbene-mediated oxidation of copper(I) in an imidazolium ionic liquid

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