Production, composition and properties of mare’s milk

Brezovečki, Andreja; Čagalj, Mateja; Antunac, Neven; Mikulec, Nataša; Ljoljić, Darija Bendelja

doi:10.15567/mljekarstvo.2014.0401

Cited by 11 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…The selected method to identify plasma metabolites in our study was GC-MS, it is currently considered the gold standard for volatile organic compounds, the main limitations of this method are long analysis time and lack of possibility of real-time analysis or direct quantitative determinations. 33,34 The most frequent metabolites identified in the plasma of healthy foals were part of the carboxylic acid (amino acids), organooxygen (carbohydrates) and fatty acyls (fatty acids) classes. Most of these metabolites belonged to the amino acid and energy pathways which is expected as foals gain an average of 1-2 kg/day in the first few months of life.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasma metabolome of healthy and Rhodococcus equi‐infected foals over time

Sanclemente

Rivera-Velez

Horohov

et al. 2022

Equine Veterinary Journal

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BackgroundFoals that develop pulmonary ultrasonographic lesions on Rhodococcus equi (R. equi) endemic farms are treated with antibiotics because those at risk of developing clinical pneumonia (~20%) cannot be recognised early. Candidate biomarkers identified using metabolomics may aid targeted treatment strategies against R. equi.Objectives(1) To describe how foal ageing affects their plasma metabolome (birth to 8 weeks) and (2) to establish the effects that experimental infection with Rhodococcus equi (R. equi) has on foal metabolome.Study designExperimental study.MethodsNine healthy newborn foals were experimentally infected with R. equi as described in a previous study. Foals were treated with oral antibiotics if they developed clinical pneumonia (n = 4, clinical group) or remained untreated if they showed no signs of disease (n = 5, subclinical group). A group of unchallenged foals (n = 4) was also included in the study. By the end of the study period (8 weeks), all foals were free of disease. This status was confirmed with transtracheal wash fluid evaluation and culture as well as thoracic ultrasonography. Plasma metabolomics was determined by GC–MS weekly for the study duration (8 weeks).ResultsFoals' plasma metabolome was altered by ageing (birth to 8 weeks) and experimental infection with R. equi as demonstrated using multivariate statistical analysis. The intensities of 25 and 28 metabolites were altered by ageing and infection (p < 0.05) respectively. Furthermore, 20 metabolites changed by more than 2‐fold between clinical and subclinical groups.Main limitationsThe number of foals is limited. Foals were experimentally infected with R. equi.ConclusionsAgeing and R. equi infection induced changes in the plasma metabolome of foals. These results provide an initial description of foal's plasma metabolome and serve as background for future identification of R. equi pneumonia biomarkers.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasma metabolome of healthy and Rhodococcus equi‐infected foals over time

Sanclemente

Rivera-Velez

Horohov

et al. 2022

Equine Veterinary Journal

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“…Figure 3 illustrates the butter production opportunities from camel milk however, the method of butter preparation from camel milk through the optimization of processing conditions are shown in Figure 4. The butter preparation from camel milk can be achieved by vigorous shaking of soured or fresh camel milk at higher temperature (24-25 0 C), and can recovered approximately 80% of the milk-fat (Brezovečki et al, 2015). Furthermore, preparation of clarified butter (Ghee) from camel milk revealed the lower yield and shelf life.…”

Section: Camel Milk Butter and Its Production Opportunitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, preparation of clarified butter (Ghee) from camel milk revealed the lower yield and shelf life. The physical parameters indicated that camel milk butter are prominantly whiter in color and more viscous and soft or spreadable consistancy than butter obtain from other animal species (Brezovečki et al, 2015;Berhe et al, 2017). Additionally, camel rearing communities produce small amount of butter by using traditional methods and they usually utilized it for therpeutic and cooking purpose (Asresie et al, 2013).…”

Section: Camel Milk Butter and Its Production Opportunitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…4 . The butter preparation from CM can be achieved by vigorous shaking of soured or fresh CM at higher temperature (24°C–25°C), and can recovered approximately 80% of the milk-fat ( Brezovečki et al, 2015 ). Furthermore, preparation of clarified butter (Ghee) from CM revealed the lower yield and shelf life.…”

Section: Camel Milk (Cm) Butter and Its Production Opportunitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Review on Processing Opportunities for the Development of Camel Dairy Products

Arain¹,

Rasheed²,

Jaweria³

et al. 2023

Food Sci Anim Resour

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Camel milk has a significant and pivotal role in the diet of people residing in semi-arid and arid regions. Ever since ancient times, marketing of camel milk has remained insignificant due to nonexistence of processing amenities in the camel nurturing areas, hence the utilization of unprocessed camel milk has continuously remained limited at family level by the nomads. Due to the superior medicinal values and health promoting effects, incredible growth in the demand of camel milk and dairy products have been noticed all over the world during last two decades. Such emergence has led dairy industry to provide diversified camel dairy products to the consumers with superior nutritional and functional qualities. In contrast to bovine, very few food products derived from camel milk are available in the present market. With the advancements in food processing interventions, a wide range of dairy and non-dairy products could be obtained from camel milk, including milk powder, cheese, yogurt, ice cream, and even chocolate. In some regions, camel milk is used for traditional dishes such as fermented milk, camel milk tea, or as a base for soups and stews. Current review highlights the processing opportunities regarding the transformation of camel milk into various dairy product via decreasing the inherent functionality that could be achieved by optimization of processing conditions and alteration of chemical composition by using fortification method. Additionally, future research directions could be devised to improve the product quality.

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“…An important aspect of improving foal VK status and reducing the risk of VKDB is the provision of VK to the neonate by milk. Most research investigating the composition and quality of mares' milk has been conducted in Western Europe (Krešimir et al 2011). Mare's milk has a composition different from that in most domestic species, but is relatively similar in composition to breast milk, and is frequently utilised as a substitute for infant's intolerant to cow's milk in some countries (Doreau and Boulot 1989;Pieszka et al 2016;Barreto et al 2019).…”

Section: Vk Status Of Foalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vitamin K: history, metabolism, and nutrition in the horse

Skinner

Cawdell-Smith²,

Biffin³

et al. 2023

Anim. Prod. Sci.

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Vitamin K (VK) has long been known for its essential role in blood coagulation. However, over the past decade, evidence has mounted for its intrinsic and essential roles in other functions within the body, including bone metabolism, calcification, brain development and glucose metabolism. Thus, VK should no longer be considered a single-function 'haemostasis vitamin', but rather as a 'multi-function vitamin'. While current research has focused on its emerging role in human nutrition, the role that VK plays in other species such as the horse has not been well described, with most of our current understanding having been extrapolated from other species, especially rodents. This review assesses the current state of knowledge of VK as it pertains to human and animal nutrition, and, where data exist, its metabolism and nutrition in the horse is explored. Future research on the roles of VK as they pertain to horses, particularly extra-hepatic functions, is necessary. Such insight will allow a greater understanding of how VK is metabolised, facilitating the development of recommendations to assist in the health, growth, and longevity of horses.

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Production, composition and properties of mare’s milk

Cited by 11 publications

References 2 publications

Plasma metabolome of healthy and Rhodococcus equi‐infected foals over time

Plasma metabolome of healthy and Rhodococcus equi‐infected foals over time

A Review on Processing Opportunities for the Development of Camel Dairy Products

Vitamin K: history, metabolism, and nutrition in the horse

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