Production by non-O1 Vibrio cholerae of hemolysin related to thermostable direct hemolysin of Vibrio parahaemolyticus

Yoh, M

doi:10.1016/0378-1097(85)90297-6

Cited by 21 publications

(28 citation statements)

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“…In addition to tdh-positive V. parahaemolyticus strains, some non-V. cholerae O1 and V. mimicus strains and all strains of V. hollisae have been reported to possess the tdh gene (14) and to produce NAG-rTDH, Vm-rTDH, and Vh-rTDH, respectively, which are hemolysins similar to TDH (22,23,25). Of these hemolysins, TDH-ICA has cross-reactivity with Vm-rTDH from V. mimicus (Table 1).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition to tdh-positive V. parahaemolyticus strains, some V. cholerae non-O1 and V. mimicus strains and all strains of V. hollisae have been reported to possess the tdh gene (14) and to produce hemolysin similar to TDH (NAG-rTDH, Vm-rTDH, and Vh-rTDH are used throughout the text to denote hemolysin similar to TDH produced by V. cholerae non-O1 strains, V. mimicus strains, and V. hollisae strains, respectively) (22,23,25). Of these bacterial strains, broth cultures of 11 tdh-positive strains of V. hollisae and 2 tdh-positive strains of V. mimicus were tested with TDH-ICA and KAP-RPLA.…”

Section: Production Of Mabs To Tdhmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, in the case of V. parahaemolyticus diarrhea, when a stool specimen containing tdh-positive V. parahaemolyticus is cultured in enrichment broth medium, the pathogen is expected to release TDH into the fecal enrichment culture, because TDH is a bacterial exotoxin. TDH is highly specific to tdh-positive V. parahaemolyticus, although some Vibrio cholerae non-O1 and Vibrio mimicus strains and all strains of Vibrio hollisae have been reported to produce hemolysins similar to TDH (22,23,25). Therefore, the occurrence of TDH in fecal enrichment culture is regarded as a useful marker for the detection of tdhpositive V. parahaemolyticus isolates in stool specimens.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Development and Evaluation of a Rapid, Simple, and Sensitive Immunochromatographic Assay To Detect Thermostable Direct Hemolysin Produced by Vibrio parahaemolyticus in Enrichment Cultures of Stool Specimens

2006

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Thermostable direct hemolysin (TDH) is considered to be a major virulence factor in Vibrio parahaemolyticus, and most cases of V. parahaemolyticus diarrhea in humans are caused by tdh gene-positive strains. In the present study, we developed an immunochromatographic assay to detect TDH (TDH-ICA) and evaluated the utility of TDH-ICA for the diagnosis of V. parahaemolyticus diarrhea. TDH-ICA allowed the detection of 0.2 ng/ml of TDH within 10 min. Fecal homogenates were spiked with various numbers of tdh-positive V. parahaemolyticus organisms, and their enrichment cultures were tested with TDH-ICA. The results of detection of TDH in the enrichment cultures by TDH-ICA were in accord with the results of recovery of the spiked V. parahaemolyticus organisms from the enrichment cultures by plating onto thiosulfate-citrate-bile salts-sucrose agar. When enrichment cultures of 217 stool specimens from patients with diarrhea were tested with TDH-ICA, the TDH-ICA results showed 100% sensitivity and specificity compared to the results of isolation of V. parahaemolyticus from the stool specimens by a conventional bacterial culture test. Since TDH-ICA was able to detect TDH in a fecal enrichment culture within 10 min, TDH-ICA testing of a fecal enrichment culture could be completed rapidly and easily within approximately 16 h, including incubation time for the fecal enrichment culture. These results indicate that TDH-ICA is a rapid, simple, and sensitive TDH detection method and that TDH-ICA testing of a fecal enrichment culture is useful as an adjunct to facilitate the early diagnosis of V. parahaemolyticus diarrhea.Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a major food-borne pathogen that causes diarrhea in humans through seafood consumption, but not all strains are considered to be pathogenic. Thermostable direct hemolysin (TDH) has been found to be closely associated with the enteropathogenicity of V. parahaemolyticus (5). In the late 1980s, cases of diarrhea caused by Vibrio parahaemolyticus strains that did not produce TDH were found (8). The strains produced a new hemolysin that was immunologically similar but not identical to TDH. The hemolysin was referred to as TDH-related hemolysin (TRH). Currently, TDH and TRH are regarded as important virulence factors of V. parahaemolyticus (5, 13), and therefore, strains possessing the tdh gene encoding TDH and/or the trh gene encoding TRH are considered pathogenic strains (14). Since most cases (approximately 90%) of V. parahaemolyticus diarrhea in humans are caused by tdh-positive strains, including strains that possess both the tdh and trh genes (1, 2, 16, 17, 18), tdh-positive V. parahaemolyticus is a major causative organism of V. parahaemolyticus diarrhea.Cases of V. parahaemolyticus diarrhea in humans are commonly diagnosed by isolating this pathogen from a stool specimen by a bacterial culture test. The test procedure includes the plating of stool or its enrichment culture onto selective agar medium and the subsequent identification of suspected colonies on the agar medium. The identif...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Production Of Mabs To Tdhmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Development and Evaluation of a Rapid, Simple, and Sensitive Immunochromatographic Assay To Detect Thermostable Direct Hemolysin Produced by Vibrio parahaemolyticus in Enrichment Cultures of Stool Specimens

2006

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“…In searching out pathogenic factors, we found that non-01 V. cholerae and V. hollisae produce Vp-TDH (Vibrio parahaemolyticus thermostable direct hemolysin)-related toxins NAG-rTDH and Vh-rTDH, respectively (12)(13)(14). Since Vp-TDH has been considered the most probable pathogenic factor in Vibrio parahaemolyticus infection, then by analogy, both NAG-rTDH and Vh-rTDH are also thought to be pathogenic factors.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since Vp-TDH has been considered the most probable pathogenic factor in Vibrio parahaemolyticus infection, then by analogy, both NAG-rTDH and Vh-rTDH are also thought to be pathogenic factors. We purified these Vp-TDH-related hemolysins and characterized them (13,14). These three hemolysins all have the same molecular mass (approximately 40,000 in dimer form) and are immunologically similar but differ physicochemically.…”

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Comparative amino acid sequence analysis of hemolysins produced by Vibrio hollisae and Vibrio parahaemolyticus

et al. 1989

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Vibrio hollisae produces a hemolysin (Vh-rTDH) that is related to the thermostable direct hemolysin of Vibrio parahaemolyticus (Vp-TDH). Although both hemolysins are essentially similar biologically and immunologically, they differ markedly in heat stability; Vp-TDH is heat stable, whereas Vh-rTDH is heat labile. To elucidate the relationships between their characteristics and molecular structures, we analyzed the amino acid sequence of Vh-rTDH and compared it with that of Vp-TDH. Vh-rTDH consisted of 165 residues, of which 23 residues, spread over the peptide chain, differed from those of Vp-TDH.A halophilic vibrio, Vibrio hollisae, has been isolated from stool cultures in cases in which no other enteric pathogens were identified (1). In most cases, patients were known to have eaten raw seafood a few days before they became ill, and the clinical characteristics of the disease resembled those in cases of gastroenteritis caused by non-01 Vibrio cholerae (3,5,6).In searching out pathogenic factors, we found that non-01 V. cholerae and V. hollisae produce Vp-TDH (Vibrio parahaemolyticus thermostable direct hemolysin)-related toxins . Since Vp-TDH has been considered the most probable pathogenic factor in Vibrio parahaemolyticus infection, then by analogy, both NAG-rTDH and Vh-rTDH are also thought to be pathogenic factors. We purified these Vp-TDH-related hemolysins and characterized them (13,14). These three hemolysins all have the same molecular mass (approximately 40,000 in dimer form) and are immunologically similar but differ physicochemically. The most interesting difference is the thermal stability in these hemolysins. Vh-rTDH is heat labile, whereas both Vp-TDH and NAG-rTDH are heat stable: Vp-TDH retains 91% hemolytic activity after incubation at 70°C for 10 min, whereas the activity is completely lost with 14).The complete amino acid sequence of Vp-TDH has been determined (11) and deduced by nucleotide sequence analysis of its structural gene (7). We therefore undertook an analysis of the amino acid sequence of Vh-rTDH to clarify the differences in the primary structure between this heatlabile hemolysin and the heat-stable Vp-TDH. Here we report the result of the amino acid sequence analysis of Vh-rTDH and comparison of its sequence with that of Vp-TDH.Vh-rTDH and Vp-TDH were purified from the culture supernatants of V. hollisae RIMD 2221001 and V. parahaemolyticus RIMD 2210086, respectively, as described previously (2,14). Achromobacter protease I (lysylendopeptidase) and Staphylococcus aureus V8 protease were obtained from Wako Pure Chemicals, and Miles Laboratories, Inc., respectively. Columns used for high-performance liquid * Corresponding author. chromatography were ,u-Bondasphere C4-100 (3.9 by 150 mm, 15 ,um; Nihon Waters Ltd.) and Bakerbond wide-pore butyl (4.6 by 250 mm, 30 nm; Baker Chemical Co.).Intact hemolysin (10 nmol) was digested with Achromobacter protease I for 6 h at 30°C in 0.2 ml of 0.01 M Tris hydrochloride buffer (pH 9.0), at an enzyme-to-substrate molar ratio of 1:400. Digestion w...

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Extracellular and surface-bound biological activities of Vibrio fluvialis, Vibrio furnissii and related species

Myatt

Davis

1989

Med Microbiol Immunol

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Twenty-seven Vibrio strains were assessed for virulence-associated biological activities, including iron chelation, hydrolases, haemolysis and haemagglutination. All strains hydrolysed DNA, chitin, gelatin and casein, produced siderophores, and lysed red blood cells. All V. fluvialis, V. cholerae and V. mimicus strains exhibited diverse lipolytic activity distinct from more discriminate lipolysis by V. furnissii. V. furnissii manifested fibrin and mucin hydrolysis but no phosphate or esculin hydrolysis, for which V. fluvialis varied. No strains hydrolysed urea, alginate or keratin. V. fluvialis, V. furnissii and V. mimicus strains failed to exhibit the mannose-sensitive haemagglutination typical of V. cholerae. Some activities may distinguish otherwise phenotypically similar species. Species tested commonly possessed biological activities that may contribute to virulence, although there was no apparent correlation with isolation from human sources.

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Production by non-O1 Vibrio cholerae of hemolysin related to thermostable direct hemolysin of Vibrio parahaemolyticus

Cited by 21 publications

References 2 publications

Development and Evaluation of a Rapid, Simple, and Sensitive Immunochromatographic Assay To Detect Thermostable Direct Hemolysin Produced by Vibrio parahaemolyticus in Enrichment Cultures of Stool Specimens

Development and Evaluation of a Rapid, Simple, and Sensitive Immunochromatographic Assay To Detect Thermostable Direct Hemolysin Produced by Vibrio parahaemolyticus in Enrichment Cultures of Stool Specimens

Comparative amino acid sequence analysis of hemolysins produced by Vibrio hollisae and Vibrio parahaemolyticus

Extracellular and surface-bound biological activities of Vibrio fluvialis, Vibrio furnissii and related species

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