Production and utilization performance of a glycerol derived additive for diesel engines

Abstract

Oxygenated additives have been the subject of much research because they notably improve the fuel characteristics and combustion performance. Moreover, there is a tendency to use oxygenated additives derived from biomass. In the case of glycerol, previous studies have shown that oxygenated compounds are generated by dehydration, decomposition and isomerization reactions from glycerol and its intermediaries, where the selected route of these reactions depends on the type of catalyst used. In this work, the liquid phase obtained during the catalytic glycerol decomposition at 400°C using a basic catalyst was characterized by GC and GC-MS. This phase is constituted mostly by highly oxygenated compounds of known energetic use. After a drying process, the effect of the glycerol condensates as an additive in diesel-biodiesel (B5) engines at the 0.2% (v/v) concentration was evaluated. The physical properties of the fuel and the mechanic, thermodynamic, and environmental performance of the stationary diesel engine were analyzed in the current study. The presence of the additive decreased the pour point of diesel and the amount of particulate matter generated during combustion.

Radiological Impacts and Regulation of Rare Earth Elements in Non-Nuclear Energy Production

“…Providing catalytic properties at small concentrations, lanthanum is the most widely used, though other elements may also be used in smaller amounts [9]. Concentrations of lanthanum are not standardized and may range from 0.001% to 0.05% [10].…”

Reutilization of Glycerol Derived from Biodiesel Production Using HPW-Based Catalysts Supported on Niobium for Obtention of Additives

“…21 A busca por energias mais limpas, renováveis e economicamente viáveis tem incentivado o uso de compostos oxigenados por melhorarem notavelmente o processo de combustão e, portanto, o desempenho do motor. 32,33 Os aditivos oxigenados mais comumente utilizados são o etanol, os ésteres de ácidos dicarboxílicos, éter dimetílico, MTBE, ETBE, dimetilcarbonato, dimetoxi metano, dimetoxi etano, dimetoxi propano e N-octil nitramina.…”

“…33,36,37 O primeiro aditivo à base de glicerol foi o éter mono-terc butílico de glicerol (MTBG) (Figura 4) introduzido por Malinovskii e Vvedenskii em 1953. 38 Desde então, as pesquisas tem sido contínuas em busca de aditivos à base de glicerol.…”

“…De acordo com Klepácová et al 39 os produtos originados (mono-, di e tri-alquil glicerol éteres) são produtos oxigenados mais adequados para uso como aditivo aos combustíveis diesel. De acordo com Hernández et al 33 a rota selecionada depende do catalisador utilizado. Os catalisadores ácidos são os mais utilizados por favorecerem a formação de produtos de alto valor, como a acroleína.…”

“…Os aditivos à base de glicerol são capazes de melhorar a viscosidade, o índice de cetano e o ponto de névoa, além de reduzir a emissão de poluentes. 33 Este estudo verificou a produção e o desempenho do acetol e do 1,2 propanodiol como aditivos, ambos derivados de glicerol para uso em motores a diesel. Para a síntese desse aditivo, os autores utilizaram um catalisador básico.…”