Production and use of eco‐friendly selenium nanoparticles in the fortification of yoghurt

Abstract

Eco‐friendly selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) were prepared by biological‐methods using three individual or mixed strains of lactobacilli, which were evaluated for yield, selenium content, and particle size. The prepared SeNPs were used to fortify yoghurt, and the product was evaluated for its chemical composition, rheological properties, and microbiological quality. The highest SeNPs yield was obtained using Lactobacillus casei (26.87 g/L), whereas L. acidophilus produced nanoparticles with a significantly high selenium content. The lowest particle size (131.0 nm) was found in eco‐friendly SeNPs produced using mixed strains followed by those produced using L. plantarum (146.2 nm), L. acidophilus (202.8 nm), and L. casei (271.3 nm). Adding eco‐friendly SeNPs had no notable effect on the chemical composition and texture of functional yoghurt. Eco‐friendly SeNPs powder prepared with L. plantarum had the highest viable count, whereas the lowest was obtained using the mixed culture. No cytotoxicity was observed in a tested colon cancer cell line for all prepared eco‐friendly SeNPs. Practical applications The methods used in the preparation of selenium nanoparticles using lactic acid bacteria are safe, cheap, and easy to apply. It can be applied on an industrial scale as one of the ingredients that can be used to safely support different foods. Selenium nanoparticle prepared in this way can be added in the fortification of milk, children's food, and also bakery products to meet their daily needs of the important selenium element. They can also be produced in tablets containing the daily dose of selenium and also supported by probiotic bacteria. Therefore, the method used to prepare selenium nanoparticle in this study is one of the most promising ways to be applied in different food products.

Selenium Nanoparticle-Enriched and Potential Probiotic, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum S14 Strain, a Diet Supplement Beneficial for Rainbow Trout

“…The transformation of inorganic Se into Se 0 Nps by LAB has been previously reported [ 40 , 41 , 117 , 118 ]. Reported size of biosynthesized Se 0 Nps by some L. plantarum strains are: <250 nm [ 116 ], between 55 and 90 nm [ 115 ] and 142.6 nm average [ 42 ]. According to Zhang et al [ 117 ], smaller Se 0 Nps have greater biological activity.…”

“…A number of LAB have been investigated as Se-enriched (i.e., bacteria capable to produce Se 0 Nps) food supplement applications [ 39 ]. Some strains of L. plantarum have demonstrated to be able to accumulate Se salts and to biotransform amino acids into seleno-amino acids or Se 0 Nps [ 40 , 41 , 42 ]. A Se-enriched L. plantarum supplemented diet has been shown to protect against Cd toxicity, reducing OS in the fish Luciobarbus capito [ 43 ] and having anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects in mice [ 44 ].…”

Application of Functional and Edible Coatings and Films as Promising Strategies for Developing Dairy Functional Products—A Review on Yoghurt Case

“…Many other kind of fiber sources have been added, which has improved the texture, such as the addition of coconut flour [45][46][47], a great source of fiber, antioxidants, phenols, and probiotic bacteria for bio-yoghurt, with a distinct taste and smell and suitable for inclusion in a school meal for children. The yoghurt fortified with minerals to enhance the nutritional benefits, along with addition of the minerals in nanoparticles form, such as selenium, that is prepared by biological method using lactic acid bacteria as green nanotechnology may be a different class of yoghurt having maximum nutritional value [48].…”

Milk permeate medium for the production of selenium nanoparticles by lactic acid bacteria

“…Selenium nanoparticles can be used to fortify dairy and food products as well as to manufacture the pharmaceutical dietary supplement preparations (Salama et al . 2021). Nano‐selenium supplementation was found to increase selenoprotein (Sel) gene expression profiles and milk selenium concentration in lactating dairy cows (Han et al .…”

“…Recently, selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) were produced as a new source of selenium for different usages including food and feed supplement (Skalickova et al 2017;Hosnedlova et al 2018). Selenium nanoparticles can be used to fortify dairy and food products as well as to manufacture the pharmaceutical dietary supplement preparations (Salama et al 2021). Nano-selenium supplementation was found to increase selenoprotein (Sel) gene expression profiles and milk selenium concentration in lactating dairy cows (Han et al 2021).…”