Abstract:The use of desiccants allows to anticipate cowpea harvest at a time closer to physiological maturity. The desiccants saflufenacil and flumioxazin promote the drying and falling of leaves and loss of water from seeds. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of saflufenacil and flumioxazin doses applied to the cowpea crop on the production and quality of seeds at harvest and after storage for six months. Two experiments were carried out in a split-plot design (5 × 2). In the first experiment, the main factor co… Show more
“…Molecules 2023, 28, x FOR PEER REVIEW 2 of 17 weeds in cotton, corn and cereal crops. Another PPO inhibitor, saflufenacil (Figure 1) [18], controls broadleaf weeds and weeds that are resistant to glyphosate. These PPO inhibitors contain the uracil motif.…”
Section: Synthesis and Spectra Analysismentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The crystal of compound 2n (0.52 mm × 0.46 mm × 0.42 mm) was mounted on a Bruker 'CCD area detector' diffractometer with MoKα radiation (λ = 0.71073Å) by using a phi and scan modes at 296(2) K in the range of 5.382 • ≤ θ ≤ 60.004 • . The compound 2n belongs to a monoclinic system with space group P2 1 /c and parameters of a = 8.821(5)Å, b = 12.379(7)Å, c = 15.399(8)Å, α = 90 • , β = 100.522 (18) • , γ = 90 • , V = 1653.2(16) Å 3 , Z = 4, µ(MoKα) = 0.083 mm −1 and Dcalc = 1.243 g/cm 3 . Using Olex2 [37], the structure was solved with the ShelXS [38] structure solution program using Direct Methods and refined with the ShelXL [39] refinement package using Least Squares minimization.…”
Section: Crystal Determinationmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…For example, the protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO) inhibitors tiafenacil [16] and benzfendizone (Figure 1) [17] have been successfully used to control weeds in cotton, corn and cereal crops. Another PPO inhibitor, saflufenacil (Figure 1) [18], controls broadleaf weeds and weeds that are resistant to glyphosate. These PPO inhibitors contain the uracil motif.…”
Natural products are a main source of new chemical entities for use in drug and pesticide discovery. In order to discover lead compounds with high herbicidal activity, a series of new pyrido[2,3-d] pyrimidine derivatives were designed and synthesized using 2-chloronicotinic acid as the starting material. Their structures were characterized with 1H NMR, 13C NMR and HRMS, and the herbicidal activities against dicotyledonous lettuce (Lactuca sativa), field mustard (Brassica campestris), monocotyledonous bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera) and wheat (Triticum aestivum) were determined. The results indicated that most of the pyrido[2,3-d] pyrimidine derivatives had no marked inhibitory effect on lettuce at 1 mM. However, most of the pyrido[2,3-d] pyrimidine derivatives possessed good activity against bentgrass at 1 mM. Among them, the most active compound, 3-methyl-1-(2,3,4-trifluorophenyl)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione (2o), was as active as the positive controls, the commercial herbicides clomazone and flumioxazin. Molecular simulation was performed with molecular docking and DFT calculations. The docking studies provided strong evidence that 2o acts as an herbicide by inhibition of protoporphyrinogen oxidase. However, the physiological results indicate that it does not act on this target in vivo, implying that it could be metabolically converted to a compound with a different molecular target.
“…Molecules 2023, 28, x FOR PEER REVIEW 2 of 17 weeds in cotton, corn and cereal crops. Another PPO inhibitor, saflufenacil (Figure 1) [18], controls broadleaf weeds and weeds that are resistant to glyphosate. These PPO inhibitors contain the uracil motif.…”
Section: Synthesis and Spectra Analysismentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The crystal of compound 2n (0.52 mm × 0.46 mm × 0.42 mm) was mounted on a Bruker 'CCD area detector' diffractometer with MoKα radiation (λ = 0.71073Å) by using a phi and scan modes at 296(2) K in the range of 5.382 • ≤ θ ≤ 60.004 • . The compound 2n belongs to a monoclinic system with space group P2 1 /c and parameters of a = 8.821(5)Å, b = 12.379(7)Å, c = 15.399(8)Å, α = 90 • , β = 100.522 (18) • , γ = 90 • , V = 1653.2(16) Å 3 , Z = 4, µ(MoKα) = 0.083 mm −1 and Dcalc = 1.243 g/cm 3 . Using Olex2 [37], the structure was solved with the ShelXS [38] structure solution program using Direct Methods and refined with the ShelXL [39] refinement package using Least Squares minimization.…”
Section: Crystal Determinationmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…For example, the protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO) inhibitors tiafenacil [16] and benzfendizone (Figure 1) [17] have been successfully used to control weeds in cotton, corn and cereal crops. Another PPO inhibitor, saflufenacil (Figure 1) [18], controls broadleaf weeds and weeds that are resistant to glyphosate. These PPO inhibitors contain the uracil motif.…”
Natural products are a main source of new chemical entities for use in drug and pesticide discovery. In order to discover lead compounds with high herbicidal activity, a series of new pyrido[2,3-d] pyrimidine derivatives were designed and synthesized using 2-chloronicotinic acid as the starting material. Their structures were characterized with 1H NMR, 13C NMR and HRMS, and the herbicidal activities against dicotyledonous lettuce (Lactuca sativa), field mustard (Brassica campestris), monocotyledonous bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera) and wheat (Triticum aestivum) were determined. The results indicated that most of the pyrido[2,3-d] pyrimidine derivatives had no marked inhibitory effect on lettuce at 1 mM. However, most of the pyrido[2,3-d] pyrimidine derivatives possessed good activity against bentgrass at 1 mM. Among them, the most active compound, 3-methyl-1-(2,3,4-trifluorophenyl)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione (2o), was as active as the positive controls, the commercial herbicides clomazone and flumioxazin. Molecular simulation was performed with molecular docking and DFT calculations. The docking studies provided strong evidence that 2o acts as an herbicide by inhibition of protoporphyrinogen oxidase. However, the physiological results indicate that it does not act on this target in vivo, implying that it could be metabolically converted to a compound with a different molecular target.
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