Production and Potential Genetic Pathways of Three Different Siderophore Types in Streptomyces tricolor Strain HM10

Abstract

Siderophores are iron-chelating low-molecular-weight compounds that bind iron (Fe3+) with a high affinity for transport into the cell. The newly isolated strain Streptomyces tricolor HM10 secretes a pattern of secondary metabolites. Siderophore molecules are the representatives of such secondary metabolites. S. tricolor HM10 produces catechol, hydroxamate, and carboxylate types of siderophores. Under 20 μM FeCl3 conditions, S. tricolor HM10 produced up to 6.00 µg/mL of catechol siderophore equivalent of 2,3-DHBA (2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid) after 4 days from incubation. In silico analysis of the S. tricolor HM10 genome revealed three proposed pathways for siderophore biosynthesis. The first pathway, consisting of five genes, predicted the production of catechol-type siderophore similar to petrobactin from Bacillus anthracis str. Ames. The second proposed pathway, consisting of eight genes, is expected to produce a hydroxamate-type siderophore similar to desferrioxamine B/E from Streptomyces sp. ID38640, S. griseus NBRC 13350, and/or S. coelicolor A3(2). The third pathway exhibited a pattern identical to the carboxylate xanthoferrin siderophore from Xanthomonas oryzae. Thus, Streptomyces strain HM10 could produce three different types of siderophore, which could be an incentive to use it as a new source for siderophore production in plant growth-promoting, environmental bioremediation, and drug delivery strategy.

Performance of Plant-Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) Isolated from Sandy Soil on Growth of Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)

“…Furthermore, it helps to move oxygen throughout plants' parts, producing their green color, and it is a co-factor in many vital enzymes [41]. The Streptomyces tricolor strain HM10 secreted up to 64.14% psu from siderophores after 4 days of incubation [14,15,42]. Cherif-Silin et al [43] isolated thirty-five Bacillus strains from a wheat rhizosphere.…”

“…By producing siderophores (low-molecular-weight molecules, 400-2000 Da), microorganisms chelate iron with high affinity and deposit it within their cells. In this way, siderophores improve plant nutrition (direct effect) and control phytopathogen growth (indirect effect) via the chelation of iron from the surrounding environment [6,8,14,15].…”

Exploring the Plant Growth-Promotion of Four Streptomyces Strains from Rhizosphere Soil to Enhance Cucumber Growth and Yield

“…Quantifying the siderophore production as psu by CAS solution reflected high production by strain HM10 exceeding 64.14 psu ( Figure 3 ). This strain secretes three siderophore types (catechol, hydroxamate, and carboxylate) [ 59 ]. Similarly, Anwar et al [ 58 ] isolated 98 rhizospheric actinomycetes from wheat and tomato fields.…”

Exploring the Biological Pathways of Siderophores and Their Multidisciplinary Applications: A Comprehensive Review

“…Siderophores are classified into three primary categories based on their chelating groups: catecholate-type [19,20], hydroxamate-type [21,22], and carboxylate-type [23,24]. In addition to the above types, some siderophores can also be classified as mixed siderophores (Table 1).…”