Production and Physicochemical Properties of Starch Isolated from Djulis (Chenopodium formosanum)

Abstract

Djulis (Chenopodium formosanum Koidz.) is an annual fast-growing underutilized pseudo cereal with a high percentage of starch content. In this study, djulis starch was extracted from the flour of dried grains by three different isolation procedures: (1) hydrochloric acid (HCl) isolation procedure (HP); (2) deionized water isolation procedure (WP); and (3) sodium hydroxide (NaOH) isolation procedure (NP), followed by investigation of the physicochemical properties of the isolated djulis starch. The amylose content of HP, WP, and NP was 22.14%, 24.15%, and 22.43%, respectively. For scanning electron microscopy (SEM) morphological observation, djulis starch presented a polygonal shape with granule sizes of 0.56–1.96, 0.74–3.02, and 0.62–2.48 μm, respectively. Djulis starch showed the classification of typical A-type x-ray patterns, and the relative degree of crystallinity for HP, WP, and NP was 33.15%, 36.17%, and 37.42%, respectively. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis was used to determine the transition temperatures, transition range, and enthalpies of the gelatinization of starches. HP and WP isolated starch exhibited the highest ΔH 9.24 and 8.51 J/g, respectively, whereas NP starch showed the lowest ΔH of 6.95 J/g. The pasting temperatures of HP, WP, and NP isolated starch, which were analyzed by using a Rapid Visco Analyzer (RVA), were 71.70 °C, 72.80 °C, and 69.53 °C, respectively. The dependence of swelling power for the three isolated starches on temperature was tested at 10 °C with intervals between 60 °C and 90 °C. In short, the NP isolation procedure with a stable reaction is compelling from a technological point of view.

Digestive and Physicochemical Properties of Small Granular Starch from Euryale ferox Seeds Growing in Yugan of China

“…Starch was isolated following a modified method of Lu et al [15]. Briefly, E. ferox seeds were ground into slurry with a blender after soaking in distilled water for 5 h. The starch slurry was obtained by sieving on a stainless steel 60 mesh to remove the E. ferox seed coat and fibers.…”

Development and Optimization of Djulis Sourdough Bread Using Taguchi Grey Relational Analysis

“…All 16 sequences were treated as comparative sequences, and each sequence was composed of 14 characteristics (entities). The GRGs of 16 comparative sequence, which were calculated according to Equations (2) and (6), are presented in the last column of Table 6. Then, the grey relational analysis user interface was developed accordingly, to perform computer computing instead of manual calculation (Figure 3).…”

“…This plant has been cultivated mainly in eastern and southern areas of Taiwan (Taitung and Pingtung) as a cereal crop and was previously used for worship purposes and decorations in seasonal festivals by Taiwanese indigenous people (Taiwan aborigines). In recent years, physicochemical and bioactive characteristics as well as preventive healthcare applications of this crop get attention [6]. For instance, Hong et al demonstrated that djulis extract could protect skin from UV-induced damage [7].…”

Functionality of Djulis (Chenopodium formosanum) By-Products and In Vivo Anti-Diabetes Effect in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients

“…Chenopodium formosanum Koidz. (djulis) is a unique traditional pseudo-cereal crop native to Taiwan that has been used by the aboriginal people for more than 100 years [ 12 ]. Djulis is commonly used as fermentation materials for making liquor and as an ingredient in bakery products, snack foods or starchy desserts.…”