Production and performance of activated carbon from rice husks for removal of natural organic matter from water: A review

Menya, Emmanuel; Olupot, Peter Wilberforce; Storz, Henning; Lubwama, Michael; Kiros, Yohannes

doi:10.1016/j.cherd.2017.11.008

Cited by 250 publications

(91 citation statements)

References 193 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Mostly flash pyrolysis is used to obtain a high yield of bio‐oil with different useful bio‐products like char (solid residue). It can also be used for getting activated carbon and amorphous silica . Table gives a comparison of the bio‐oil yield output obtained from different reactors and their optimum conditions.…”

Section: Direct Utilization Of Agro‐wastesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomass as a sustainable resource for value‐added modern materials: a review

Sharma

Kaur

Punj

et al. 2020

Biofuels Bioprod Bioref

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Over the past century, the world's population has increased greatly. The growth in the population has increased the global food demand, so the food sector has increased its production. As a result of the increased production and consumption, a huge amount of agro-food waste is being generated yearly. Rice husk, wheat straw, sugarcane bagasse, corn husk, peanut shell, eggshell, are just a few examples of agro-food wastes. As these agro-food wastes and their by-products are left unused and unattended, their amount is increasing globally. It is imperative to find ways to put these wastes to environmentally viable use. These wastes find direct uses in biofertilizers, mud houses, animal feed, biofuel, and heat generation in small-scale industries, etc. After heat generation, ashes are considered as a secondary by-product, which can be used as a sustainable and renewable resource for synthesizing value-added products for various applications. This article presents a review of the traditional and advanced methods of utilizing these wastes in household applications, animal feed, fertilizers, fuel generation, pyrolysis, and for the removal of toxic metals from polluted water. These secondary resources can also be used in construction materials and for the synthesis of glasses and glass-ceramics, which can be used in bioengineering, optical, and dielectric materials. Agrofood wastes can be used as resource materials to develop modern materials with better properties instead of using minerals. This not only reduces the environment-and management-related problem of the wastes but also provides a sustainable alternative way to produce cost-effective value-added materials for the benefit of society.

show abstract

Section: Direct Utilization Of Agro‐wastesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomass as a sustainable resource for value‐added modern materials: a review

Sharma

Kaur

Punj

et al. 2020

Biofuels Bioprod Bioref

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Evidently, more replicates are needed to provide statistically supported evidence that can lead to strong conclusions. Nevertheless, the actual measured reduced plant growth could be due to nutrient limitation for plants and/or bacteria in the reactor because of adsorption capability from activated carbon [48]. Other studies have proven that activated carbon is able to adsorb various compounds such as acetate, ammonium, phosphate, nitrate, sulphate, and metal ions [62][63][64][65][66][67][68][69].…”

Section: Mixture Of Activated Carbon (Ac) and Marine Sediment Effect mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Activated carbon was chosen in our study because it has the potential to be integrated with soil/wetland amendments; it is a suitable bioanode material that can be mixed with sea-sediment; and it has the ability to support plant growth [46]. Such AC can be produced from an agricultural byproduct like rice husks, rice bran, sugarcane bagasse, walnut shells, and olive stones [47,48] and can also be utilized for soil amendment to increase agricultural production without negatively affecting the soil bacteria community [49,50]. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to investigate the suitability of a mixture of activated carbon and marine sediment as a bioanode in a Plant-MFC system with S. anglica.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Activated Carbon Mixed with Marine Sediment is Suitable as Bioanode Material for Spartina anglica Sediment/Plant Microbial Fuel Cell: Plant Growth, Electricity Generation, and Spatial Microbial Community Diversity

Sudirjo

Buisman

Strik

2019

Water

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Wetlands cover a significant part of the world's land surface area. Wetlands are permanently or temporarily inundated with water and rich in nutrients. Therefore, wetlands equipped with Plant-Microbial Fuel Cells (Plant-MFC) can provide a new source of electricity by converting organic matter with the help of electrochemically active bacteria. In addition, sediments provide a source of electron donors to generate electricity from available (organic) matters. Eight lab-wetlands systems in the shape of flat-plate Plant-MFC were constructed. Here, four wetland compositions with activated carbon and/or marine sediment functioning as anodes were investigated for their suitability as a bioanode in a Plant-MFC system. Results show that Spartina anglica grew in all of the Plant-MFCs, although the growth was less fertile in the 100% activated carbon (AC100) Plant-MFC. Based on long-term performance (2 weeks) under 1000 ohm external load, the 33% activated carbon (AC33) Plant-MFC outperformed the other Plant-MFCs in terms of current density (16.1 mA/m 2 plant growth area) and power density (1.04 mW/m 2 plant growth area). Results also show a high diversity of microbial communities dominated by Proteobacteria with 42.5-69.7% relative abundance. Principal Coordinates Analysis shows clear different bacterial communities between 100% marine sediment (MS100) Plant-MFC and AC33 Plant-MFC. This result indicates that the bacterial communities were affected by the anode composition. In addition, small worms (Annelida phylum) were found to live around the plant roots within the anode of the wetland with MS100. These findings show that the mixture of activated carbon and marine sediment are suitable material for bioanodes and could be useful for the application of Plant-MFC in a real wetland. Moreover, the usage of activated carbon could provide an additional function like wetland remediation or restoration, and even coastal protection. 2 of 23 production; carbon fixation and storage; flood mitigation and water storage; water treatment and purification; and habitats for biodiversity. About 5-10% of the world's land surface is covered by wetlands [2]. A recent study reported that the global wetland area is between 15 and 16 million km 2 , in which about 8.9-9.5% is coastal wetlands [3]. Unfortunately, despite their critical role wetlands are facing a serious problem of losses caused by human activities. A study has shown that at least 33% of global wetlands had been lost as of 2009 due to human activities [1]. This loss was comparable to a previous study reporting that between 1970 and 2008, natural wetland declined globally by about 30% [4].Sediment pollution by human activities is a major problem for wetland ecosystems [5]. By nature, wetland sediments are able to remedy themselves from pollutants, such as petroleum hydrocarbon pollutants, due to the presence of diverse microbial communities [6]. However, in some cases such as to control hydrophobic organic compounds (HOCs), an in-situ amendment by human interference is applied for ...

show abstract

“…Since activated carbon must be regularly changed due to its loss of efficiency (saturation), low cost materials have been focusing interest for several years. Numerous research activities have aimed to find new low-cost precursors, accessible and available in abundant quantities such as rice husk, cashew nut shells, vine shoots, apple pulp and potato waste [2][3][4][5]. Many studies have shown comparable efficiency of activated carbon derived from such precursors to commercial adsorbents for wastewater treatment applications: elimination of dyes, metal ions, pharmaceutical products, organic pollutants or natural organic matter [2][3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%