Production and ionization energies of K<sub>n</sub>F (n = 2–6) clusters by thermal ionization mass spectrometry

Veljković, Filip; Djustebek, Jasmina; Veljković, M.; Veličković, Suzana; Perić-Grujić, Aleksandra A.

doi:10.1002/rcm.6284

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 56 publications

(98 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…To date, the existence of simple superalkali molecules, such as OL 3 (L=Li, Na, K), ML 2 (M=F, Cl, Br, I; L=Li, Na, K), SLi 3 , Li 3 F 2 , Li 2 CN, and Na 2 CN have been confirmed by experiments –. These superalkalis are mainly detected by using the following mass spectrometric methods: laser ablation, electron impact ionization, surface ionization, 18d] thermal ionization,– Knudsen effusion cell, field desorption, spark source, secondary ion desorption, plasma desorption, and neutralization/reionization . In these experimental studies, the ionization energies of the resulting species are determined, mostly by photoionization, to characterize their superalkali characters.…”

Section: Characterization Of Superalkalismentioning

confidence: 96%

Recent Progress on the Design, Characterization, and Application of Superalkalis

Sun

2019

Chemistry A European J

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Superalkalis are clusters or molecules featuring lower ionization energies (IEs) than that of cesium atoms, and thus exhibit excellent reducing properties. Such special species have great potential to be used in the synthesis of unusual charge‐transfer salts and cluster‐assembled nanomaterials with tailored properties, in the reduction of carbon dioxide, or as hydrogen storage materials and noble‐gas‐trapping agents, etc. In this regard, ongoing efforts have been devoted to designing and characterizing superalkalis of new types. The recent progress on the study of superalkalis in terms of theoretical design, characterization, and potential application is summarized in this minireview. We hope this review will not only provide a broad overview of this research field, but also highlight the prospect of further extending the experimental synthesis and practical application of superalkalis.

show abstract

Section: Characterization Of Superalkalismentioning

confidence: 96%

Recent Progress on the Design, Characterization, and Application of Superalkalis

Sun

2019

Chemistry A European J

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Potassium based clusters were selected because the KCl has medical applications and used as fertilizer in plants [44,45], and also the metallic superalkalis have a special interest due to thermal stability [46]. In the literature, a couple of studies appear for the halogen doped potassium clusters that are K n I (n = 2-6) [47], K n Br (n = 2-6) [48], and K n F(n = 2-6) [49]. The studies mainly consider geometrical structures, stabilities and ionisation energies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonlinear optical properties of K_nCl (n = 2–7) superalkali clusters

Şentürk,

Fardad,

Ekincioğlu

2024

Phys. Scr.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The lowest energy structures along with the low lying isomer, stabilities, electronic properties, optical properties and nonlinear optical responses of KnCl (n = 2–7) clusters were studied within the density functional theory. The second order energy difference, dissociation energy and GH-L (HOMO–LUMO gap) point out that KnCl (n = 3, 5, 7) clusters are more stable. The calculated adiabatic ionization energies (AIE) for the KnCl (n = 2–6) clusters are in agreement with the measured ionization energies. The optical properties, namely optical electronegativity and refractive index, depends on the GH-L energy values. The K atom capped planar rhombus geometry of the K4Cl causes the noticeable vibrational frequency shift compared to the rest of IR spectra of the clusters. The first static hyperpolarizability (β o) values are in the range of 2.33 × 103 –2.87 × 104 au and the second static hyperpolarizability varies between 5.74 × 106 au and 38.9 × 106 au for the cluster. The nonlinear optical response is due to the superalkali nature of KnCl (n = 2–7) clusters. From computed β vec values, the hyperpolarizability has projection on the dipole moment vector for the superalkalis except the K2Cl and K5Cl. The absorption spectra point out that KnCl (n = 6–7) clusters can be suitable as a NLO material since they have transparency in the deep UV region (λ< 300 nm).

show abstract

“…The serial of lithium and potassium mononuclear clusters such as LinBr, LinCl + KnX (n = 2 -6) were obtained. The binuclear clusters like as KnBrn-1 + (n = 3 -5) LinCl2 + (n = 4 -7), and LinCln-1 + (n = 3 -5) were detected, too [41][42][43][44][45][46][47].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Renewable Electrical Power Sources

2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Jedan od glavnih događaja prošlog veka bilo je prepoznavanje klastera kao gradivnih blokova novih materijala. "Superalkalni" klasteri zbog svoje energije ionizacije koja je niža od alkalnih atoma, predstavljaju odlična redukciona sredstva; stoga su prepoznati kao dobri kandidati za sintezu neobično jedinjenja. "Superalkali", igra važnu ulogu u nauci o hemiji i materijalima zbog svog potencijala da služe kao strukturne jedinice za sastavljanje novih nanostrukturisanih funkcionalnih materijala, kao što su nelinearni optički materijali, materijali za skladištenje vodonika, kao i odličan redukcioni reagens za smanjenje emisije ugljen-dioksida, azot-oksida i molekularnog azota. Jedan od načina za dobijanje klastera je korišćenje nekonvencionalnih metoda. Do danas, masena spektrometrija se pokazala ključnom metodom koja nema alternativu u oblasti proizvodnje "superalkalijskih" klastera. Međutim, da bi se dobili ovi klasteri, potrebno je izvršiti modifikacije masenih spektrometra dostupnih na tržištu. U ovom radu će biti predstavljene mogućnosti dobijanja "superalkalnih" klastera kombinacijom dve klasične metode masene spektrometrije, poput Knudsenove ćelije i površinske ionizacije u magnetnom masenom spektrometru. Modifikovana klasična površinska jonizacija masena spektrometrija potvrdila se kao efikasna i jeftina metoda za dobijanje ovih klastera. Ključne reči: "Superalkalni" klasteri;masena spektrometrija; Knudsenova ćelija One of the major developments of the past century was the recognition of clusters as building blocks of new materials. "Superalkali" clusters because of their ionization energies which lower than alkaline atoms, present the excellent reducing agents; hence, they are recognized as good candidates for the synthesis of unusually compounds. "Superalkalis", plays an important role in the chemistry and material science because of their potential to serve as structural units for the assembly of novel nanostructured functional materials, such as nonlinear optical materials, hydrogen storage materials, as well as an excellent reduction reagent for decreasing emissions of carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxides, and molecular nitrogen. One way to get a cluster is to use unconventional methods. To date, the mass spectrometry has proven itself a crucial method, which has no alternative, in the field of the production "superalkali" clusters. However, in order to obtain these clusters, it is necessary to make modifications of the mass spectrometers available on the market. Within this paper, the possibilities of obtaining "superalkali" clusters by combining two classical methods of mass spectrometry such as, Knudsen cell and the surface ionization within a magnetic mass spectrometer will be presented. The modified classic surface ionization mass spectrometry has confirmed to be an efficient and inexpensive method for obtaining these clusters.

show abstract

Production and ionization energies of K_nF (n = 2–6) clusters by thermal ionization mass spectrometry

Abstract: The modified thermal ionization source provides an efficient way of obtaining the fluorine-doped potassium clusters. These results also present experimental proof that K(n)F (n = 2-6) clusters belong to the group of 'superalkali' species.

Cited by 6 publications

References 56 publications

Recent Progress on the Design, Characterization, and Application of Superalkalis

Recent Progress on the Design, Characterization, and Application of Superalkalis

Nonlinear optical properties of K_nCl (n = 2–7) superalkali clusters

Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Renewable Electrical Power Sources

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Production and ionization energies of KnF (n = 2–6) clusters by thermal ionization mass spectrometry

Abstract: The modified thermal ionization source provides an efficient way of obtaining the fluorine-doped potassium clusters. These results also present experimental proof that K(n)F (n = 2-6) clusters belong to the group of 'superalkali' species.

Cited by 6 publications

References 56 publications

Recent Progress on the Design, Characterization, and Application of Superalkalis

Recent Progress on the Design, Characterization, and Application of Superalkalis

Nonlinear optical properties of KnCl (n = 2–7) superalkali clusters

Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Renewable Electrical Power Sources

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Production and ionization energies of K_nF (n = 2–6) clusters by thermal ionization mass spectrometry

Nonlinear optical properties of K_nCl (n = 2–7) superalkali clusters