Production and Heat Properties of an X-ray Reflective Anode Based on a Diamond Heat Buffer Layer

Abstract

This paper introduces an X-ray reflective anode with a diamond heat buffer layer, so as to improve heat dissipation of micro-focus X-ray sources. This also aids in avoiding the destruction of the anode target surface caused by the accumulation of heat generated by the electron beam bombardment in the focal spot area. In addition to the description of the production process of the new reflective anode, this study focuses more on the research of the thermal conductivity and compounding ability. This paper also introduces a method that combines finite element analysis (FEA) in conjunction with thermal conductivity experiments, and subsequently demonstrates the credibility of this method. It was found that due to diamonds having a high thermal conductivity and melting point, high heat flux produced in the micro-focus spot region of the anode could be conducted and removed rapidly, which ensured the thermal stability of the anode. Experiments with the power parameters of the radiation source were also completed and showed an improvement in the power limit twice that of the original.

Effect of Substrate Holder Design on Stress and Uniformity of Large-Area Polycrystalline Diamond Films Grown by Microwave Plasma-Assisted CVD

“…Among all known materials, diamond has a record-high thermal conductivity of up to 24 W/cm•K at room temperature, reaching maximum values of up to 285 W/cm•K at temperatures near 63 K [1]. This makes diamond the material of choice for thermal management applications [2][3][4][5][6]. Solving thermal management problems is especially important for modern electronic devices, operating in extreme regimes, which makes diamond a highly used "cutting-edge" material in electronics [7][8][9][10].…”

Design and optimization of thin‐film tungsten (W)‐diamond target for multi‐pixel X‐ray sources

“…With the highest thermal conductivity among all known materials, diamond has been utilized in several high brilliance X-ray sources. [11][12][13][14][15][16] The tungsten-diamond (W-diamond) thinfilm target usually is made of a thin layer of tungsten deposited on a diamond substrate. Although the radiative and thermal characteristics of thick X-ray reflection targets have been studied thoroughly, the properties of thin-film targets are very different and have not been studied thoroughly.…”

“…[17][18][19][20][21][22][23] However, it can be used as a reflection target in distributed X-ray source as well. 16 In this paper, we studied the X-ray production of W-diamond thin-film targets via Monte Carlo (MC) simulation, performed finite-element thermal analysis of the target, and predicted the performance of W-diamond thin-film target in both transmission and reflection configurations.The results of this study can be used to guide the design of distributed X-ray sources with thin-film target. The use of properly designed thin-film W-diamond targets can greatly boost the output of distributed X-ray sources.…”

“…Improving the thermal conductivity of the target material is a viable approach to increase the focal spot power density of distributed X‐ray sources without a major modification of the tube design. With the highest thermal conductivity among all known materials, diamond has been utilized in several high brilliance X‐ray sources 11–16 . The tungsten–diamond (W‐diamond) thin‐film target usually is made of a thin layer of tungsten deposited on a diamond substrate.…”

Pushing the limits of microfocus X-ray sealed-tube sources for crystallography

“…As the thermal conductivity of diamond is up to about 5 times higher than that of copper and the highest known conductivity of all bulk materials [1], industrial diamond is increasingly replacing traditional materials for the thermal management in challenging applications [2], in which a high local heat load needs to be dissipated, such as in heat sinks for high-power microelectronic devices [3,4]. In X-ray sources, diamond can be used as a heat sink directly coupled to the anode material, resulting in a significantly higher thermal conductivity compared to a conventional metallic anode and, hence, allowing for an increase in tube brilliance by applying a higher power load on the anode [5].…”