Production and dose determination of the Infection and Treatment Method (ITM) Muguga cocktail vaccine used to control East Coast fever in cattle

Patel, Ekta; Mwaura, Stephen; Kiara, Henry K.; Morzaria, S.P.; Peters, A. R.; Toye, Philip G.

doi:10.1016/j.ttbdis.2015.11.006

Cited by 26 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…The procedure for sporozoites production has been previously described in detail ( Patel et al, 2016 ). Briefly, cattle aged 7–9 months, previously managed under a strict acaricide regime, were maintained for at least 2 months and tested for exposure to T. parva , Theileria mutans , Babesia bigemina and Anaplasma marginale using ELISA and, in certain instances, with PCR analysis ( Morzaria et al, 1999 , Odongo et al, 2010 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of the Theileria parva sporozoite proteome

Nyagwange

Tijhaar

Ternette

et al. 2018

International Journal for Parasitology

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of the Theileria parva sporozoite proteome

Nyagwange

Tijhaar

Ternette

et al. 2018

International Journal for Parasitology

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“…Four batches of Muguga cocktail vaccine stabilate (ILRI 0801–ILRI 0804) and the corresponding reference stabilates (Muguga – 4230; Serengeti – 4229; Kiambu 5 – 4228), prepared previously as described by Patel et al (2016) , were used in this study. Both the reference stabilates and the vaccine stabilates had been prepared from ticks infected with the same parent stabilates (Muguga – 73, Serengeti – 69 and Kiambu 5 – 68).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Limited genetic and antigenic diversity within parasite isolates used in a live vaccine against Theileria parva

Hemmink

Weir

MacHugh

et al. 2016

International Journal for Parasitology

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“…Using ITM, cattle are infected with live, cryopreserved infectious sporozoites (which may be derived from multiple T. parva stocks), and immediately treated with long-acting tetracycline to attenuate the infection. This method of vaccination has been shown to result in life-long protection against acute disease, although breakthroughs have been reported to occur [ 20 , 21 ]. The Muguga stock of T. parva is one component of the ITM cocktail [ 22 ], and as the most widely used laboratory stock of T. parva it has formed the basis for much of our understanding of immune responses to T. parva and ECF.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rhipicephalus appendiculatus ticks transmit Theileria parva from persistently infected cattle in the absence of detectable parasitemia: implications for East Coast fever epidemiology

2018

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BackgroundEast Coast fever (ECF) is a devastating disease of cattle and a significant constraint to improvement of livestock production in sub-Saharan Africa. The protozoan parasite causing ECF, Theileria parva, undergoes obligate sexual stage development in its tick vector Rhipicephalus appendiculatus. Tick-borne acquisition and transmission occurs transstadially; larval and nymphal ticks acquire infection while feeding and transmit to cattle when they feed after molting to the next stage. Much of the current knowledge relating to tick-borne acquisition and transmission of T. parva has been derived from studies performed during acute infections where parasitemia is high. In contrast, tick-borne transmission during the low-level persistent infections characteristic of endemic transmission cycles is rarely studied.MethodsCattle were infected with one of two stocks of T. parva (Muguga or Marikebuni). Four months post-infection when parasites were no longer detectable in peripheral blood by PCR, 500 R. appendiculatus nymphs were fed to repletion on each of the cattle. After they molted to the adult stage, 20 or 200 ticks, respectively, were fed on two naïve cattle for each of the parasite stocks. After adult ticks fed to repletion, cattle were tested for T. parva infection by nested PCR and dot blot hybridization.ResultsOnce they had molted to adults the ticks that had fed as nymphs on Muguga and Marikebuni infected cattle successfully transmitted Theileria parva to all naïve cattle, even though T. parva infection was not detectable by nested PCR on salivary gland genomic DNA of a sample of individual ticks. However, a salivary gland homogenate from a single Marikebuni infected tick was able to infect primary bovine lymphocytes. Infection was detected by nested p104 PCR in 3 of 4 calves and detected in all 4 calves by T. parva 18S nested PCR/dot blot hybridization.ConclusionWe show that R. appendiculatus ticks are able to acquire T. parva parasites from infected cattle even in the absence of detectable parasitemia. Although infection was undetectable in a sample of individual ticks, cumulatively as few as 20 ticks were able to transmit T. parva to naïve cattle. These results have important implications for our understanding of T. parva transmission by R. appendiculatus in ECF endemic regions.

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Production and dose determination of the Infection and Treatment Method (ITM) Muguga cocktail vaccine used to control East Coast fever in cattle

Cited by 26 publications

References 14 publications

Characterization of the Theileria parva sporozoite proteome

Characterization of the Theileria parva sporozoite proteome

Limited genetic and antigenic diversity within parasite isolates used in a live vaccine against Theileria parva

Rhipicephalus appendiculatus ticks transmit Theileria parva from persistently infected cattle in the absence of detectable parasitemia: implications for East Coast fever epidemiology

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