Production and Distribution of Aldehyde and Alcohol Sex Pheromone Components in the Pheromone Gland of Females of the Moth Chloridea virescens

Foster, S. P.; Anderson, Karin G.

doi:10.1007/s10886-018-1041-2

Cited by 12 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Although we only sampled pheromone 30 min after decapitation (shorter times might reveal different distributions), this suggests that newly synthesized pheromone or precursor is not immediately translocated to the surface for release but is, rather, mixed with a residual pool of older material prior to translocation. Since the pheromone precursor (Z)-11-hexadecenol (Z11-16:OH) is thought to be synthesized and stored in gland cells (Foster and Anderson 2019;Hagström et al 2013), a likely scenario is that newly synthesized Z11-16:OH is mixed with 'older' Z11-16:OH in gland cells, from where it is translocated to the cuticle and oxidized to (mixed 'old' and 'new') Z11-16:Ald (Teal and Tumlinson 1986), before being translocated to the cuticular surface for release.…”

Section: How Does Storage and Catabolism Of Pheromone Differ Between mentioning

confidence: 99%

Calling Behavior and Sex Pheromone Release and Storage in the Moth Chloridea virescens

2019

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Female moths release sex pheromone to attract mates. In most species, sex pheromone is produced in, and released from, a specific gland. In a previous study, we used empirical data and compartmental modeling to account for the major pheromone gland processes of female Chloridea virescens: synthesis, storage, catabolism and release. Surprisingly, we found that females released little (20-30%) of their pheromone, with most catabolized. The recent publication of a new pheromone collection method led us to reinvestigate pheromone release and catabolism in C. virescens on the basis that our original study might have underestimated release rate (thereby overestimating catabolism) due to methodology and females not calling (releasing) continuously. Further we wished to compare pheromone storage/catabolism between calling and non-calling females. First, we observed calling intermittency of females. Then, using decapitated females, we used the new collection method, along with compartmental modeling, gland sampling and stable isotope labeling, to determine differences in pheromone release, catabolism and storage between (forced) simulated calling and non-calling females. We found, (i) intact 1 d females call intermittently; (ii) pheromone is released at a higher rate than previously determined, with simulations estimating that continuously calling females release ca. 70% of their pheromone (only 30% catabolized); (iii) extension (calling)/retraction of the ovipositor is a highly effective "on/off' mechanism for release; (iv) both calling and non-calling females store most pheromone on or near the gland surface, but calling females catabolize less pheromone; (v) females are capable of producing and releasing pheromone very 3 rapidly. Thus, not only is the moth pheromone gland efficient, in terms of the proportion of pheromone released Vs. catabolized, but it is highly effective at shutting on/off a high flux of pheromone for release.

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Section: How Does Storage and Catabolism Of Pheromone Differ Between mentioning

confidence: 99%

Calling Behavior and Sex Pheromone Release and Storage in the Moth Chloridea virescens

2019

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“…For C. virescens, the relationship between MRR and surface amount is probably true also for MRR and total gland titre, because females store most pheromone on the gland surface [25,27,37]. However, this may not be true in other species, especially those using alcohols or acetate esters as pheromone components.…”

Section: Discussion (A) What Determines Pheromone Mass Release Rate?mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The MRR peak occurred at a surface amount corresponding to approximately 80-100 ng of Z11-16:Ald, an amount commonly observed in females (e.g. [25,27]). Evaporation rate of a semivolatile chemical is dependent on vapour pressure, temperature, airspeed and surface area [25,27,42].…”

Section: (B) Is Pheromone Mass Release Rate Limited?mentioning

confidence: 93%

“…[25,27]). Evaporation rate of a semivolatile chemical is dependent on vapour pressure, temperature, airspeed and surface area [25,27,42]. Since temperature and airspeed were constant in our experiments, this suggests that the effective pheromone surface area maximum was reached at 80-100 ng of Z11-16: Ald.…”

Section: (B) Is Pheromone Mass Release Rate Limited?mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Females synthesize pheromone throughout the scotophase [23,24] and store it predominantly on the gland cuticular surface. Pheromone is then released during calling or catabolized during non-calling [21,23,25]. Young (1 d) females call intermittently through the entire scotophase: on average, around 21 times during an 8 h scotophase, in short (mean 8.3 min) duration bouts with a longer intermittency (mean.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sex pheromone biosynthesis, storage and release in a female moth: making a little go a long way

Foster

Anderson

2020

Proc. R. Soc. B.

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Moth pheromone research has pioneered much of our understanding of long-distance chemical communication. Two important characteristics of this communication have, however, remained largely unaddressed: the release of small quantities of pheromone by most moth species, despite potential advantages of releasing greater amounts, and the intermittency of release in some species, limiting the time of mate attraction. We addressed the proximate mechanisms underlying these characteristics by manipulating biosynthesis, storage and release of pheromone in females of the noctuid moth Chloridea virescens . We found that (i) mass release is determined by pheromone mass on the gland surface; (ii) amounts synthesized are limited by pheromone biosynthesis activating neuropeptide concentration, not precursor availability; (iii) some gland structural feature limits mass release rate; (iv) intermittent calling enables release at a mass rate greater than biosynthetic rate; and (v) at typical mass release rates, the periodicity of pheromone availability on the gland surface roughly matches the periodicity (intermittency) of calling. We conclude that mass release in C . virescens and possibly many other species is low because of constraints on biosynthesis, storage and gland structure. Further, it appears the behaviour of intermittent calling in C. virescens may have evolved as a co-adaptation with pheromone availability, allowing females to release pheromone intermittently at higher mass rates than the biosynthesis rate.

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Fatty Acid Origin of Insect Pheromones

Jurenka

2024

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology

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Production and Distribution of Aldehyde and Alcohol Sex Pheromone Components in the Pheromone Gland of Females of the Moth Chloridea virescens

Cited by 12 publications

References 25 publications

Calling Behavior and Sex Pheromone Release and Storage in the Moth Chloridea virescens

Calling Behavior and Sex Pheromone Release and Storage in the Moth Chloridea virescens

Sex pheromone biosynthesis, storage and release in a female moth: making a little go a long way

Fatty Acid Origin of Insect Pheromones

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