The promotion of carbon dioxide (CO2) reduction methods is due to the fact that the CO2 concentration has been increasing rapidly in 21 st century. In order to prevent further damage of the environment caused by greenhouse gases, CO2 concentration should be stabilized by increasing CO2 fixation, which can reduce CO2 emission into the atmosphere. M ineral carbon sequestration or mineral carbonation is the process of utilizing minerals, mostly rich in calcium and magnesium (Ca/M g) as the feedstock in reaction with CO2 to produce stable solid carbonates. M ineral carbonation through indirect pH swing process is a very effective method for producing calcium and magnesium carbonates. The Ca/M g ions are extracted out of feedstock using suitable solvents at low pH condition and then in the second step the leached Ca/M g ions are carbonated at elevated pH condition. In this paper the state-of-the-art of the carbonation involving pH swing method is updated.
Introducti onFossil fuels by providing mo re than 86% of the world energy are the main energy sources in the world. Co mbustion of these huge amounts of fossil fuels emit g reenhouse gases (GHGs) and in particu lar carbon dio xide (CO2) into the at mosphere. Continuous increment of g lobal CO2 due to co mbustion of fossil fuels leads to steady rise of global mean temperature. These activit ies have resulted in increasing the CO2 concentration fro m 280 pp m in the 1750s to 398 ppm in 2013. As a consequence, the global climate has