Production and characterization of thin Ti3H and Ti2H targets

Total cross section of the3H(p,n)3Hereaction from th

“…The energy loss of protons in the target per 3 H atom per unit area is given by [41], and r is the 3 H:Ti ratio which is assumed to be independent of depth in the target. The energy loss for 2-MeV α particles in the Ti-3 H computed by this method has been verified experimentally for these targets [33].…”

“…7 of Ref. [33]. The 3 H(p, n) 3 He measurements reported here were performed before these targets were used for any other experiments.…”

“…The preparation, characterization, and use of the Ti-3 H targets have been described previously [33][34][35]. Briefly, Ti was evaporated onto 31.7-mm-diameter, 0.81-mm-thickness Cu or Ta substrates; the substrates were then heated in an atmosphere of 3 H 2 gas to induce the formation of Ti-3 H. The substrates were maintained in high vacuum during the time between Ti evaporation and tritide formation, minimizing contamination and maximizing the attainable 3 H:Ti ratio.…”

Damage evaluation of proton irradiated titanium deuteride thin films to be used as neutron production targets

“…Ti thin films were made with a substrate temperature of and 8 Â10 À3 Pa and a deposition rate between 20-25 Å/s. Once the titanium film is deposited on the substrates, and without loosing vacuum inside the deposition chamber, the samples were impregnated with deuterium under controlled temperature, time and D 2 pressure conditions [10,13,14]. The deuterium pressure (P D 2 ) varied between 0.1 Â10 5 Pa, 0.5 Â10 5 Pa and 1.0 Â10 5 Pa, the substrate temperature (T s ) was taken within 373 K and 473 K, and the exposure time (t e ) was set among 0.5 h, 1 h and 2 h. Since deuterium concentration may not reach the stoichiometric relation of two deuteriums per each titanium, due to the inherent experimental performance, we will refer to it as TiD x samples.…”